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Social networking sites affect life
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11.8 million British users (The Guardian 2011) go online, whether at home, work or elsewhere. There are different types of Internet use, including non-interpersonal communication use (e.g., entertainment) and interpersonal communication use (e.g., email and social media use). Of those Internet users, the average user spends 13 hours per week online. Of these 13 hours, the average user around the world spent more than five and a half hours on social networks in December 2009, up 200 percent from the same month in 2008.
A social network is a social structure made up of individuals (or organizations) called "nodes", which are connected by one or more specific types of interdependency, such as friendship, common interests, financial exchange, dislikes, sexual relationships, or relationships of beliefs or knowledge. Social networks, such as Facebook, Myspace, Twitter etc... gives users the ability to become part of a network of online friends that allows them to keep in touch with current friends, reconnect with old friends and/or create real–life friendships by joining groups/forums of those who share similar interests. In addition to blogs and fo¬rums, SNS users can express themselves by designing their own Facebook profile page to reflect their individual personality. For these reasons and more, 110 million Americans, or 60 percent of the online population, use social networks.
A variety of research throughout the years had sought to find out the many ways in which personality may affect an individuals’ media use patterns, in particular, on the internet or online (Hall, 2005). This could be due to the assumption that people behave differently in various social situations. These differences may affect how and why they use the...
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...al computing research. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 5075, 392-400.
Buffardi, L. E., & Campbell, W. K. (2008). Narcissism and social networking web sites. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1303-1314.
John, O. P., Naumann, L. P., & Soto, C. J. (2008). Paradigm Shift to the Integrative Big-Five Trait Taxonomy: History, Measurement, and Conceptual Issues. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (pp. 114-158). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Raskin, R. & Terry, H. (1988). A Principal-Components Analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and Further Evidence of Its Construct Validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(5).
Papacharissi, Z., & Rubin, A. M. (2000). Predictors of Internet use [Electronic version]. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 44, 175–196.
Peterson, P. (Ed.). (2014). Narcissistic Personality Disorder Statistics. Retrieved March 5, 2014, from ieTherapy.com website: http://www.ietherapy.com/narcissistic-personality-disorder/statistics/narcissistic-personality-disorder-statistics.php
Over several decades, independent streams of systematic research into personality traits have converged on the same general conclusion: the domain of personality attributes can be described by five superordinate constructs (Digman, 1990). These five general, robust factors of personality are now called the “Big Five” and subsume as well as abstract, more specific personal attributes, dispositions, habits and behaviours as a framework (cf. Digman, 1990; MCRae and Costa, 1989; Wiggins and Pincus, 1992). The five global traits in this frame work are: (1) Extraversion, described by a need for stimulation, activity, assertiveness, and quantity and intensity of interpersonal interaction; (2) Agreeableness, represented
“Narcissistic Personality Disorder.” Cleveland Clinic. The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. N.P., 20 May 2005. Web. 19 May 2010.
Melody Molina Alliant International University, Hiroko Arikawa Springfield, MO, USA, Donald I. Templer Alliant International University. Social Behavior and Personality, 2013, 41(2), 345-352 Society for Personality Research, http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2013.41.2.345
From a recent study by Pincus et al. (2009), narcissism has been conceptualized as “one’s capacity to maintain a relatively positive self-image through a variety of self-, affect- and field-regulatory processes. It underlies individuals’ needs for validation and affirmation as well as the motivation to overtly and covertly seek out self-enhancement experiences from the social environment” (p.365).
Narcissism is a problem according to many psychologists. This self-absorption has become a problem in society. According to the research of Sarah Konrath,
As there is a general rise in narcissism over time, the next pressing question is what factors drive these trends. Children develop cognitive processes to self-evaluate their actions and concept from the perception of others (Harter, 1999), but it is when these processes become maladaptive and the child develops excessive degrees of value of worth that narcissism develops (Thomaes, Brummelman, Reijntjes, & Bushman, 2013). This is exacerbated by dysfunctional parental styles where parents over-evaluate and inflate a child’s self-concept, thus creating the impression in the child that they are superior and makes them dependent on constant praise (Brummelman et al., 2015). Alternatively, perceptions of parental coldness
Dingfelder, Sadie. "Reflecting on Narcissism." American Psychological Association. 42.2 (February): 64. Web. 23 Nov. 2013.
Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., & Whiteman, M. C. (2009). Personality traits. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
In another study, University of Texas psychologist Samuel Gosling measured the correlation between personality on and off line of 133 undergraduates with Facebook profiles. Gosling discovered that students’ personalities were accurately represented online, contrary ...
McCain, J., & Campbell, W.K. (2016). “Narcissism and Social Media Use: A Meta-Analytic Review.” Psychology of Popular Media Culture. doi:
Friedman, H. S. (2012). Cognitive and Social -Cognitive Aspects of Personality. Personality: Classic Theories and Modern Research.
Leon Seltzer, a clinical psychologist and proclaimed author, warns that common narcissist traits include, but are not limited too; needing excessive amounts of admiration, sense of entitlement, inability to maintain relationships, and lack empathy (Seltzer). Narcissistic characteristics have the ability to be accurately tested by using the Narcissist Personality Inventory (NPI). The NPI was developed by Robert Raskin and Howard Terry, both psychological researchers at the University of California, Berkeley. Since the development, many versions of the test have been made. Mark Young along with three fellow Ph.D. colleagues, explain the structure of the NPI test. Typically, questions have a forced-choice format, encompassing a narcissistic and a non-narcissistic statement. Other formats consist of presenting the narcissistic statements and asking the individual to indicate if he or she agrees or disagrees with that statement. Seven attributes of narcissism evaluated by the NPI consist of: entitlement, vanity, exploitativness, exhibitionism, superiority, self-sufficiency, and authority (Young et al. 41-42). At the end of the assessment, the individual gets a score usually ranging from 1-40, the higher the number the more likely that the individual displays narcissist characteristics. The NPI continues to be a justified form of measurement for
Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B., (2003) A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 504-528. Doi: 10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1
Personality is tricky to study, for traits are difficult to define and measure. However, insight into one's own character is possible by analyzing stable and consistent styles of thinking, feeling, and responding to situations (Urland, 2018a). Although research in social psychology has shown that the situation can largely impact an individual's behavior, the persistence of particular predispositions to respond a certain way within similar situations and contexts makes personality traits a worthwhile study -- especially considering that one's personality type can help predict certain life outcomes. In the field of personality psychology, the most prominent traits that portray personality are known as the "big five" and include