Organ donation is the process of removing an organ or tissue from organ donor and placing it into the recipient (Cleveland Clinic, 2015). This is important because donation of organs to the person whose organ has failed or has been damaged by disease or injury can get their life back after transplantation. But in todays ' world the number of recipient is more than the number of donor. The organ and tissues which can be transplanted in modern medicine are liver, kidney, pancreas, heart, lungs, intestine, cornea, middle ear, skin, bone marrow, heart valves, and connective tissues (Cleveland Clinic, 2015). There are different policies and reforms for organ transplantation and donation. There are four main types of rules governing the organ transplantation …show more content…
Federal regulation of organ donation and transplantation under title 42 has two main parts of transplantation which are Part 121 of Title 42 that describes the regulation of OPTN which is called Final Rule. This was implemented on October 21, 1999. This explains the regulation of OPOs and transplant hospitals under the heading of the center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (Crowe & Cohen, 2006). The OPOs and transplant hospitals paly main role to get Medicare and Medicaid coverage service but must be the member of the OPTN. The 42 CFR 121.4 list explains policies that OPTN is responsible which includes distribution of cadaveric organ, testing of donors to avoid the spread of infectious diseases, inequalities caused by socioeconomic status, and training of transplant surgeons and physicians. The section 121.5 of 42 explains the regulation followed by the OPTN members which includes the transplant hospitals members must list the name list for designated transplant program, guarantee the candidates declared for transplantation are listed, and OPTN member should pay a registration fee to OPTN those are in waiting list. The section 121.6 describes the requirements and test for determining the suitability of donated organs. The section 121.7 …show more content…
I have seen several examples in my country the people and the society harming the people those who organ has been transplanted because of lack of education about the organ transplantation or some religious views. There must be fairness in all medical decision which could benefit patient equally. In case of organ donation, the person or the patient those who are in need of organ should be provided first even his name not in the merit list prepared by OPTN looking at the situation. In conclusion, for an organ donation in the United States different states have slightly different laws, rules and regulations. To donate and transplant both donor and recipient must follow the laws. There are organization who are involved in helping the patient those who are in need of organ by providing organ and fund for it. There are different ethical principles that should be followed by health care providers, hospitals and patient so there will not be any problem on the process of
First of all, we can assess issues concerning the donor. For example, is it ever ethically acceptable to weaken one person’s body to benefit another? It has to be said that the practiced procedures are not conducted in the safest of ways, which can lead to complications for both donors and recipients (Delmonico 1416). There are also questions concerning of informed consent: involved donors are not always properly informed about the procedure and are certainly not always competent to the point of fully grasping the situation (Greenberg 240). Moral dilemmas arise for the organ recipient as well. For instance, how is it morally justifiable to seek and purchase organs in foreign countries? Is it morally acceptable to put oneself in a dangerous situation in order to receive a new organ? Some serious safety issues are neglected in such transactions since the procedures sometimes take place in unregulated clinics (Shimazono 959). There is also the concept of right to health involved in this case (Loriggio). Does someone’s right to health have more value than someone else’s? Does having more money than someone else put your rights above theirs? All of these questions have critical consequences when put into the context of transplant tourism and the foreign organ trade. The answers to these questions are all taken into account when answering if it is morally justifiable to purchase
When viewing organ donation from a moral standpoint we come across many different views depending on the ethical theory. The controversy lies between what is the underlying value and what act is right or wrong. Deciding what is best for both parties and acting out of virtue and not selfishness is another debatable belief. Viewing Kant and Utilitarianism theories we can determine what they would have thought on organ donation. Although it seems judicious, there are professionals who seek the attention to be famous and the first to accomplish something. Although we are responsible for ourselves and our children, the motives of a professional can seem genuine when we are in desperate times which in fact are the opposite. When faced with a decision about our or our children’s life and well being we may be a little naïve. The decisions the patients who were essentially guinea pigs for the first transplants and organ donation saw no other options since they were dying anyways. Although these doctors saw this as an opportunity to be the first one to do this and be famous they also helped further our medical technology. The debate is if they did it with all good ethical reasoning. Of course they had to do it on someone and preying upon the sick and dying was their only choice. Therefore we are responsible for our own health but when it is compromised the decisions we make can also be compromised.
The question arises about the ethics of making organ donation mandatory. From religions to freedom to fear, there are many pros and cons between the legality of the situation, but it all boils down to the freedom citizens have been given, which makes mandatory organ donation unethical. Lately, this has been an increasingly debated topic worldwide, as many people question the ethics of making organ donation mandatory. Organ transplantation is a surgical procedure, where a failing or damaged organ is replaced with a new one, either from a living or deceased donor. Any part of the body that performs a specialized function is classified as an organ. People can become organ donors by listing it on their driver’s license or signing a document with
In 1954, the first organ transplant was conducted successfully in the United States. (Clemmons, 2009) Nowadays, the technology of organ transplant has greatly advanced and operations are carried out every day around the world. According to current system, organ sales are strictly prohibited in the United States. (Clemmons, 2009) However, the donor waiting list in the United States has doubled in the last decade and the average waiting time for a kidney is also increasing. (Clemmons, 2009) In the year 2007, over 70,000 patients were on the waiting list for a kidney and nearly 4500 of them died during the waiting period. In contrast to the increasing demand for kidney, organ donation has been in a decrease. (Wolfe, Merion, Roys, & Port, 2009) Even the government puts in great effot to increase donation incentives, the gap between supply and demand of organs still widens. In addition, the technology of therapeutic cloning is still not mature and many obstacles are met by scientists. (Clemmons, 2009) Hence, it is clear that a government regulated kidney market with clear legislation and quality control is the best solution to solve the kidney shortage problem since it improves the lives of both vendors and patients.
A organ donation is where you take the healthy tissue from one person and transplant is to another person. The types of organs that can be donated are kidneys, heart, liver,pancreas, intestines, lungs, skin, bone marrow, and cornea. Your liver, kidneys, and bone marrow can be donated by a living donor. Your lung, heart, pancreas, intestines, and cornea come from a deceased organ donation. Database has listed al...
There are questions about transplant allocation in regards to the four major ethical principles in medical ethics: beneficence, autonomy, nonmaleficence and justice. Beneficence is the “obligation of healthcare providers to help people” that are in need, autonomy is the “right of patients to make choices” in regards to their healthcare, nonmaleficence, is the “duty of the healthcare providers to do no harm”, and justice is the “concept of treating everyone in a fair manner” ("Medical Ethics & the Rationing of Health Care: Introduction", n.d., p. 1).
There are two main types of organ donation that help improve the condition of sick people so that they can survive to be with loved ones. The first type of organ donation is living donation. That’s when a living person makes the decision to donate their organ to someone they know or to someone who needs it. The other main type of organ donation is when the dies and has healthy enough organs to donate them to someone else. Heart, lung, Skin and my other body parts are all able to be donate to help save someone’s life. The article “About Living Donation” says “The donor candidate is carefully evaluated by lab tests, a physical examination, and a psychosocial examination to
Most people when you think of organ donation you think that it concess of someone giving up an organ or someone receiving one. There is a lot more behind this process then just someone donating or receiving an organ. A person has to take in consideration if the person wants to give up their organs, if their religion allows them, how to learn to cope with losing their loved one passing, and more. Organ donation could involve a community and details with a person 's culture beliefs. Organ Donation is one question everyone has been asked, depending on how we allow it to impact us and what we believe.
...e identifies the need for improvement not in the distribution of the organs available for transplant, but in the education of policy and regulating agencies on diversity, multiculturalism and ethics that need to be applied prior to approaching the general public and asking them to become organ donors for the good of everyone.
It is clear that a large demand for organs exists. People in need of organ donations are transferred to an orderly list. Ordinarily, U.S. institutions have an unprofitable system which provides organs through a list of individuals with the highest needs; however, these organs may never come. A list is
Organ like kidney is not the least of the dilemmas even if it helps many clients achieved stable health for few years. Medical and surgical RN will encounter many different ethical dilemmas in this aspect of organ donation. Educating future RN on the basic terminology, theories, and approaches of the ethical dilemmas involve on organ donation is essential, because philosophical and basic concepts help to work through these ethical dilemmas. It assist nurses communicated their ethical positions and increase skill needed to make ethical decisions and facilitate them to use the nursing process to developed plans of care from as ethical perspective (Hinkle & Cheever,
Nadiminti, H. (2005) Organ Transplantation: A dream of the past, a reality of the present, an ethical Challenge for the future. Retrieved February 12, 2014 from http://virtualmentor.ama-assn.org/2005/09/fred1-0509.html
In conclusion, although there are some valid reasons to support the creation of an organ market based on the principles of beneficence and autonomy, there are also many overriding reasons against the market. Allowing the existence of organ markets would theoretically increase the number of organ transplants by living donors, but the negative results that these organ markets will have on society are too grave. Thus, the usage of justice and nonmaleficence as guiding ethical principles precisely restricts the creation of the organ market as an ethical system.
Organ donation is often perceived with doubt because many people do not know the truth. There are many myths out about the donating of organs that cause many people to opt not to. What many do not realize is the truth about organ donation. The body of the donor after the surgery is not mangled up and is presentable for the funeral. Organ donation is ethical and should not be looked down upon. Organ donating is there to save lives, not to hurt anyone. Many people think that they should be paid or given something in return for donating their organs, which is...
Finally, public awareness regarding how to go about organ donation should be drastically improved upon. This could be done by advertising how to go about donation, and what affect donation has on other peoples lives. Awareness campaigns and advertisements have has a massive positive effect on blood donation. I believe this method can also be utilised for Organ donation, and the same positive effect achieved.