There are various forms, subsets, and perspectives on knowledge. Intensively discusesed in the book is the concept or propositional knowledge, which is usually the answer when asked what knowledge is. The idea behind propositional knowledge is within knowing something is that way. For example, people make claims such as that George Washington was the first president of the United States in the late 1700s. This type of knowledge is separated from knowledge by acquaintance and knowing how. Knowledge by acquaintance comes from personal experiences or our senses. An example of such would be the knowledge of how chocolate tastes because you have tasted it before. As we can see by the title, which includes the word acquaintance, the knowledge derives …show more content…
The first component, truth, argues that although you can believe something, this alone does not
make it true. A fact with evidence must be stated for something to be accepted as knowledge
which can be learned. This raises the question about which standards are necessary for a
statement to be considered factual and/or true. There are three different sections of this questions
which attempt to answer it in different ways. The first, being the correspondence theory of truth,
argues that a statement is true if it goes along with reality. An example of such is that the table is
blue only if the table is really blue. The correspondence theory of truth appeals to the humanely
inclination to common sense, however does have a flaw. The question then becomes how do we
know that something is reality? In an instance that someone is color blind, they would not know
that the table is blue and therefore, this may not be true. The next theory is that of the
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There are religious doctrines which support and also deny both
presumptions but, as we know, both cannot be true. Likewise, they both cannot be false. The next
theory is that of the pragmatic theory of truth. This theory goes on to conjecture that truths are
not stagnant. However, they are true if they are useful. The simple version can be explained upon
by saying that God exists, which creates happiness and good behavior, so therefore it is true. This
is critiqued enormously because it defies the definition of truth, which involves reasoning and
logic.
The major arguments in favor of skepticism are the relativity of perception and the
problem of criterion. The relatively of perception is set to attack the notion that we are
knowledgeable about a subject if we have a complete sense of said subject. However, the issue
with the relativity of perception is exactly in the name. Perception of a subject or object is a
‘the act of knowing using mental processes such as imagining, remembering, understanding, generalising, finding reasons and causes, making inferences, decision making, forming preferences, desires and intentions, planning and learning’ (Doherty & Hughes, 2009:257)
Human beings’ belief systems don’t always work according to evidence. Belief is made up of
Correspondence theory of truth determines a true statement by seeing how it relates and corresponds with the world
This theory holds a relationship between a proposition and a fact only making it true if the fact agrees with it, adhering to reality. For example, it is true that exercise will help improve one’s health if one has the right plan and proper nutrition, hence making this statement true as long as it follows this criterion. If, however, one were to claim that exercise does not improve ones’ health no matter what one was to do, then it would be false in any context it is used in. As a result, the correspondence theory must also include the idea of “means that” in order to work. A famous example is the statement “Snow is white.” One can verify that this statement is true according to the correspondence theory because it makes a general claim. the sentence “Snow is white.” means that snow is white and one can confirm snow is actually white, hence making this statement true. In conclusion, the correspondence theory relies on a fact to make its statement true, ones’ belief does not matter, resulting in a right or
The foundation of valid knowledge depends on one’s personal understanding. To “know” means to understand or be aware. Everyone’s personal knowledge differs and the way we obtain and interpret our knowledge is usually through our spiritual beliefs. In order to gain knowledge I rely on the Word of God. The knowledge of God is the most valuable knowledge a human being can possess. The Word of God can be found in Scripture. Proverbs 2:6 tells us that the Lord gives us wisdom and that the wisdom of God results in knowledge and understanding. But it is also clear that simply being aware of God’s existence is not adequate; the knowledge of God must encompass the profound appreciation for Him and produce a loving and growing relationship with Him.
But what is this “knowledge”? The dictionary defines knowledge as “facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject.”1 However, the whole idea of knowledge differs from person to person. In todays world, knowledge is of many types and is very complex and variable. The two main types of knowledge are Personal Knowledge and Shared Knowledge. Personal knowledge refers to the knowledge one acquires by acquaintance and first hand experience. It is gained through practice, personal involvement and observation and is influenced by one’s circumstances, values and interests. One’s perspective is both influenced and contributes to one’s personal knowledge. On the other hand, Shared knowledge refers to the knowledge possessed by more than one person. It is clearly structured as it is a product of many people and has been agreed upon by many people. It is also influenced by the diverse cultures present within the communities and reflects the attitude of the society towards the different areas of knowledge.
Knowledge is of two different kinds: what we know or where we can go find the information upon it. The face of knowing something is sometimes gained through experience. With knowledge or the thought that you know something there are many possible and equally definitions of knowledge. People saying that they know something is a justification that they believe it, but facts could be proven and shown that what they believe is not true. It shouldn’t have to be a good reason for anyone to say they know such things and believe in it. If you know something, you know something. No feedback to test my knowledge. We all don’t think or act the same so the knowledge is different upon each human.
"Perception - Definition of Perception by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia." Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary. Web. 08 Feb. 2011. .
Sense data are the empirical mind-dependent ingredients of perception. They are the colours, sounds, smells, tastes, and textures out of which all experience is built. The idea of sense data is the cornerstone of the theory of Representative Realism, which states that immediate objects of awareness are not physical objects, but are sense data. Sense data are the subjective mind-dependent intermediaries that give us all of our knowledge of the external world through a veil of perception, representing the real world. The theory of Representative Realism is similar to Direct Realism, in that there is an objective mind independent physical world; however, we only ever perceive it vie a subjective mind-dependent intermediary (called sense data).
Perception is defined as the awareness of the world through the use of the five senses, but the concept of perception is often used to isolate one person’s point of view, so how reliable can perception be if no one person’s is exactly the same? The word perception itself is riddled with different, well, perceptions of its meaning. When some hear the word they might automatically think of it as something innately flawed, that can easily be fooled by illusions, while others may think of its usefulness when avoiding scalding a hand on a hot stove. I am here to agree with both and to argue that perception is something necessary and helpful, and something that should be scrutinized for its flaws. By looking at perception as a way of knowing in the
to accept as false and only then start to rebuild is foundation of knowledge. To insure the
...nt. Otherwise facts gained only have the potential to gain meaning, and many facts will turn out to be disconnected, never finding their place in a person’s experience. Facts grow naturally out of meaningful experience, but meaningful experience which leads to more facts do not necessarily flow from facts.
Some of the objections, such as the ones made by Edmund Gettier, claim that three conditions are not nearly enough to justify a true belief, and that at the very least a fourth must be added. Gettier presents a very valid criticism of the JTB theory of knowledge, and his counter examples highlight flaws in the JTB theory that make it an inadequate theory of knowledge. Gettier claims takes an issue with the third part of the JTB theory, which states that proposition P must be true. Gettier makes the interesting observation that person S may very well be justified in believing in proposition P even if P is false
The Correspondence Theory, is most likely the popular one of the group. The origins of this theory originate in early forms of Plato, and Aristotle. What this theory says about what truth is, is that its a relationship. A relationship between a proposition, and a fact that goes along with this proposition. The proposition that peppermint tea, has the taste of peppermint is an example of this. This theory uses fact to determine truth. We can see that this uses an form of ar...
We gain knowledge in through our ways of knowing which are mainly perception, reason and language. We use them to find knowledge because we justify our claims and beliefs by their use, thus, our evidences, because they get us closer to the truth. To accept something as knowledge, it must be considered true, one must believe it and there must be justification why the person knows it, therefore these ways of knowing aid in the process for our quest for knowledge. In conclusion, in order to obtain knowledge all of these three attributes have to be integrated in some type of way, and due to the changing nature of all three of them, knowledge is always changing and it is dynamic, leading to the fact that knowledge can be discarded. The questions b...