Comparing Codes for Test Users
Throughout history mankind has utilized testing. Testing or experiments are done on a daily basis. People do this without even realizing it; it has become part of our daily lives. Most of today’s modern technology such as electricity, cars, and even television were based on a series of experiments. Humans are known to be curious and want to understand how and why things were or happen. This curiosity extends to wanting to know how we act, feel, and understand things. Performing tests on living things must be done cautiously. Inappropriate treatment in experiments leads to develop specific rules for testing. As testing grew the realization grew that rules to protect the test takers needed to be in place. This was to assure that there was no harm done to the participants.
American Counseling Association
The American Counseling Association felt that this should be addressed in their code of ethics (ACA, 2005). It is addressed in section E. The American Counseling Association felt that counselors should only test in areas in which they been trained and attempted under strict supervision. The counselor must always have their client as their top concern. It was essential that no harm was ever bestowed on the client. This included the test user being able to interpret and understand all data gathered. Counselors must understand areas such as margin of error and validity of the test instrument. Counselors must understand the factors that may contribute to this. The counselor may only use test that are current and not use outdated instruments (ACA 2005).
The counselor has a huge responsibility to the participant or test taker. The counselor must explain the reason wh...
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http://www.intestcom.org.
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31 Ethics Codes Impacting Practices in 35 Countries. International Journal of Testing, 7(1), 71-88.
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Whiston, S. C. (2009). Principles and applications of assessment in counseling (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA:
Brooks/Cole. ISBN: 9780495501978.
It is important as a professional health care provider to have guidelines, regulations, and ethical standards to obey when providing care to the public. The ACA is to improve the quality of professional counselors in the community with education, knowledge, and guidelines by providing an ACA Code of Ethics standard when delivering treatment toward a clientele (American Counseling Association, 2015). One particular part of the ACA mission that is essential, is the ACA Code of Ethics. The purpose of the ACA Code of Ethics is a guide to ensure counselors in training and professional counselors understand the ethical obligations toward clients, possible grievances for conduct unbecoming, and professional responsibilities, which supports the ACA
There are a variety of ways counselors can use assessment in counseling. According to Whiston counselors use (2017) assessments as a tool used to measure people behavior. Assessments can be informal and formal (Laureate, 2013). One significant part of assessments is to evaluate progress between the client and counselor.
This is important because understanding the way in which this happens, attitudes towards animal testing, are formed and how they spread will likely have an impact on public policy on animal welfare and animal rights activism. The information presented and the results will justify my view on animal testing and why it should be banned from scientific reasonings. (75 words)
Examiners can use the TONI for various purposes. These purposes include estimating aptitude and general intellectual function. Identifying individuals believed to have intellectual impairments. Verifying the validity of referrals for treatment, therapy, or special services. In other words, the assessment is used to measure aptitude and general intellectual function without the need for verbal instructions. In order to administer this test, the examiner will need a basic understanding of mental ability testing and measurement statistics. They should also have a knowledge of the general procedure governing test administration scoring and interpretation. This knowledge is acquired by enrolling in college courses developed to assessment. These courses are typically found in the department of school psychology, special education, speech pathology, educational psychology and counseling. Workshops sponsored by local and state education agencies, professional organization, or private consultants may also help. In Counseling 428 Measurement Issues in Counseling, the different levels and the qualifications of those levels were discussed. The TONI-4 would be classified as in the level B category which “Requires some technical knowledge of test construction and background of the area(s) being assessed. Purchasers must have completed a four-year
Hood, A.B., & Johnson, R.W. (2007). Assessment in Counseling: A guide to the use of psychological assessment procedures (4th ed.). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
Case conceptualization explains the nature of a client’s problem and how they develop such problem ( Hersen, & Porzelius, p.3, 2002) In counseling, assessment is viewed as a systematic gathering of information to address a client’s presenting concerns effectively. The assessment practice provides diagnostic formulation and counseling plans, and aids to identify assets that could help the client cope better with concern that they are current. Assessment is present as a guide for treatment and support in the “evaluation process. Although many methods can be employed to promote a thorough assessment, no one method should be used by itself” (Erford, 2010, p.269-270). Eventually, it is the counselor's job to gain adequate information concerning the client and the client's presenting concerns to establish an effective treatment strategy. Using a combination of assessment techniques increases the likelihood of positive interventions and promotes successful treatment (Erford, 2010, p.271). A case conceptualization reflects how the professional counselor understands the nature of the presenting problems and includes a diagnostic formulation. Case conceptualization organizes assessment data into meaningful outline, applying research, and theory to make sense of client’s current problem.
At the expense of the tester’s life and the teacher’s conscience, mankind’s long-term benefits from knowledge gained from the experiment outweighs immediate negative
Mandatory ethics is the level of functioning where the counselor is abiding by the basic “do’s and don’ts” of professional counseling. These are definitive codes that will protect a counselor from legal action and professional censure. All mental health professionals will be held accountable by the minimum standards set by state licensure boards and courts of law. Issues addressed by the Code of Conduct of the American Psychological Association (APA) include, but are not limited to, competence, human relations, confidentiality and fees. (American Psychological Association, 2002)
Nelson-Gray, Rosemery O. "Treatment Utility Of Psychological Assessment." Psychological Assessment 15.4 (2003): 521-531. PsycARTICLES. Web. 12 Nov. 2013.
Stiggins, R. J. (2006, November/December). Assessment for learning: A key to motivation and achievement. Edge, 2, 3-19.
Monitor effectiveness “As a counselor taking reasonable steps to seek supervision and improve when necessary.” (B. Schauland, personal communication, November 11,
Miller, M. L. (2011). Introduction to Assessment and the Referral Process: Assessment [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from http://drexel.blackboard.com/.
Corey, G. (2013). Theory and practice of counseling and psychology. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Cenage Learning
Assessment is used as a basis of identifying problems, planning interventions, evaluating and diagnosing clients. Assessment involves identifying statements; actions and procedures to help individuals, groups, couples and families make progress in the counseling environment. Although counselors have the opportunity to limit their scope of practice with respect to modalities, theories, and types of clients, a counselor cannot function without an understanding of the processes and procedures of assessment in counseling. Formal and informal help counselors more accurately assess client issues, create case conceptualizations and select effective empirically proven therapies. The focus of assessments is on gathering information. Thus testing is a way in which counselors construct a measure of psychology through instruments or specified procedures to obtain valid and reliable methods in assessing a client. Counselor uses established scientific procedures, relevant standards and current professional knowledge
...to find out something when they use children. The Tuskegee experiment exhibit how cruel researcher can also be, and how racial society was in 1932. The experiments show what can happen without regulations. There should be values and regulations to guide research in these experiments. Concluding, some experiments have the tendency to destroy the lives of the humans that have been experimented on.