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Parents influence on child behavior
Parents influence on child behavior
Parental influence on child behavior
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When growing up most of us has heard the saying, “the apple does not fall far from the tree.” This quote is intended to tell a child that he or she is reflecting a trait similar to their parent. This quote does not only reflect children as they mirror their parents, but also how a society mirrors its government.
As a child grows, he or she is taught to act a certain way through reinforcements given by the parents. Reinforcements can be either positive or negative. A parent gives their child a yellow sticker to reward him or her for picking up their toys. This is an example of a positive reinforcement because the parent wants the child to repeat that behavior. If a parent takes away a child’s toy to teach him or her that it is wrong to be selfish; it would be a negative reinforcement because you do not want the child to do that behavior again. Likewise, the government reinforces behaviors on society too. For example, when a school is doing well in academic achievements, they are given money from the government in order to keep up the good work since their students are succeeding. Th...
If a behavior is desirable, consequences called reinforcers are used to encourage the behavior in the future, via the process of reinforcement. Reinforcement can be positive (presenting reinforcing stimulus) or negative (removing a negative stimulus). However, if a behavior is undesired, a negative consequence can be used to discourage the behavior, through the process of either positive or negative punishment. In positive punishment, a negative consequence is presented after the undesired behavior occurs. When negative punishment it used the idea is the same “to discourage future display of undesired behavior,” but instead of presenting a negative stimulus, a desired stimulus is removed following the behavior.
Coming of Age in Mississippi was written by Anne Moody and published in 1968. This is a story about Moody as an African American woman who was born and grown up in rural area in Mississippi. The story take places prior and during the U.S Civil Right Movement. The life of Moody was told in four chapters. The first part is about Moody’s memories as a kid, her adolescence life in high school, her twenties as in college, and lastly her life as an activist in the Movement. This is where the story gotten interesting as Moody got involved in Civil Right Movement. As Moody reflected, she struggled against racism through her entire life and she even experienced sexism among her activist fellas.
Men are physically stronger while women are more emotionally aware, people acknowledge the differences between the sexes, but who can say that one is better than the other? They balance each other out. The short essay “ Becoming Members of Society: Learning the Social Meanings of Gender”, by Aaron H. Devor, depicts how gender identity begins at a very young age, Children grow to understand which specific gender grouping they belong to. Society plays a big role in the definitions of masculinity and femininity since children will pick up on the values of the settings around them. Because Masculine and feminine characteristics are usually believed to be opposites of each other, while females were trying to reach equality by showing they can do anything a man does, they gave males the biggest compliment of mimicking. The other essay “ Bros Before Hos: the guy code” by Michael Kimmel, Michael explains the problematic of social constructions of Masculinity and the unconscious behavior men tend to follow. The behavior is called the “Guy Code”, which has been instilled into them by family, peers, and the media from a very young age. The purpose is to relate this code to why young men act and feel
A1 – Skinner believed that behaviour in setting which is reinforced tends to be repeated and behaviour that is not reinforced tends to die out or be weakened. Positive reinforcement should be used in setting to strengthen behaviour. Negative reinforcement can also strengthen behaviour because it stops or removes an unpleasant experience. Positive reinforcement can be shown by rewarding good behaviour with stickers and golden time. Negative reinforcement can be shown by doing the opposite of positive reinforcement with no stickers and no golden time.
The attitudes of others forcibly constrict and diminish the subconscious of others ultimately limiting their ability to make choices and clouding their sense of belonging. There is only a matter of time before one's choices are influenced by their surroundings and the relationships that exist there. Psychological barriers created by experience dictate one's attitude ultimately limiting their perception of the world. The attitudes of others can thrust unwanted experiences on one, ultimately altering and damaging their capability to make choices in relation to where they situate their sense of self. Jane Harrison’s Rainbows End, a play about how the ignorance of Anglo-Saxon society in Australia inhibits and challenges an Aboriginal family to find where they belong in society and Edgar Allen Poe’s Alone, a poem that addresses differences in how one views the world and how they make sense of where they belong in it. Both of these texts utilize various techniques that allow us to see how the attitudes of others reduce one’s sense of belonging.
Emerging Adulthood represents the period of development from late teens through their twenties, mainly focusing on the ages 18-25. This is the period which people start exploring and realizing the capabilities of their lives, which then helps them characterize as adults and no longer teenagers. This topic of psychology is compelling to me because it’s a stage that every adult has lived through, it’s interesting that we have all experienced it differently based on our life circumstances and demographics. It’s interesting to see the changes throughout the years and eventually it will be easier for young people to explore these years as more young adults are going to school nowadays. It teaches me to further understand why emerging adults go through
Ageism is a prejudice based idea on differences in age. Unlike most forms of prejudice, ageism affects everyone at one time or another since everyone spends time in both subordinate (childhood) and dominate (middle age) age categories. Robert Butler had coined this word in 1960. One great example of Ageism would be not hiring a young person because an employer believes that the person is immature based on his or her age nevertheless their personality and experience or, not hiring an older person because of preconceived notions of their abilities without actual evidence.
As we grow up, we develop as people, and learn things from others around us. In these selections from East Asia, there’s different elements of growing up. From these stories and poems from Korea, China, and Japan, there is experience coming of age in more than one way. There are instances of young love, war, passing friendship, and overall life in these foreign places. Through these instances there is growing up and coming of age in places never experienced. From the literature of East Asia, the process of growing up and coming of age through the use of life lessons, metaphors, and imagery.
Coming to age means various things in different cultures, religions and regions in the world. As an example, in the Jewish religion coming of age happens when a boy or girl reaches the age of thirteen and has a Bar Mitzvah or Bat Mitzvah, which symbolizes reaching religious maturity. On the other hand, coming to age is not about turning a certain age or being able to bare a child, but rather coming to terms with your personal identity. Coming to terms with your personal identity does not happen over night, it entails finding yourself and accepting yourself as an individual. Moreover, in the short story, “Birthmark” and the excerpt of The Curious Incident of the Dog in the night, they depict characters that have a hard time coming to terms with themselves. In both scenarios the characters face adversities that the majority of the population do not face which makes them feel like outcasts. Additionally, both characters come-to-age by finding their personal identity through all of the tribulations that they face.
Extensive demographic and cultural shifts have taken place over the past few decades that have made late adolescence and early twenties into a new transitional developmental period known as emerging adulthood for young individuals across industrialized societies. Arnett (2000) argues that emerging adulthood is a “distinct period of the life course” that is “characterized by change and exploration of possible life directions” (469). Additionally, a critical area of identity exploration during emerging adulthood is love and romantic relationships. Arnett contends that “demographic changes in the timing of marriage and parenthood in recent decades has led to prolonged periods of adolescence and delayed adulthood transitions” (470). By postponing
The Importance of Socialization in Middle and Late Adulthood As we develop we are expected to form social connections, whether it be through friendships, family, or significant others. Socialization is important in maintaining health throughout the lifespan. Having the ability to socialize with others allows the opportunity to maintain mental and physical health. Socialization Throughout Middle Adulthood Family As middle adulthood approaches, family dynamics may shift.
Positive reinforcement is a method of presenting to children the appropriate behavior from the inappropriate behaviors. This is done by pointing out the correct behavior and giving some form of encouraging reward. The idea is that all behaviors
First of all, I was highly interested in the concept and various factors that together make up positive reinforcement. I had a premise that I could do some experimental work on the three children for whom I baby-sit during the week after school. They leave school full of energy and it is my job to get them to complete a series of tasks before the end of the evening. I imagined that some positive reinforcement might get them on their way to handling their responsibilities in a timelier manner. My first step was to come up with a specific instrumental response that would produce reinforcement. This took no time at all because by far the most painfully difficult thing for me to do is get the children to sit down and do their homework. I then spoke specifically to each child and asked them what they would rather choose as an after school activity. They named video games, television, and going to play with other neighborhood children. I had expected these types of answers from the children and made them into the positive reinforcers that would be contingent on the children’s performance of the instrumental response; namely completing their homework. I explained to the children that if they behaved and finished their homework, then directly following they could spend an hour doing an activity of their choice.
Adulthood has often been associated with independence. It serves as a turning point in life where one has to take responsibility for oneself and no longer being dependent on his or her family. Early adulthood, usually begins from late teens or early twenties and will last until the thirties (Santrock, 2013). Early adulthood revolves around changes and exploration while middle and late adulthood are more of stability. The transition from adolescence and adulthood differs among every individual. The onset of the transition is determined by many factors such as culture, family background, and the personality of the individual. Emerging adulthood (as cited in Santrock, 2014) is the term to describe the transition period from adolescence to adulthood.
Levine, A. (1999). What is negative reinforcement? Negative Reinforcement University. Retrieved on November 14, 2003 from http://www.mcli.dist.maricopa.edu/proj/nru/index.html