Description
Think about these substances: mothballs and cinnamon. Both of these have a strong and unique smell. This is because these substances are made of aromatic compounds. In this lesson, we will learn all about aromatic compounds.
!!!Aromatic Compounds
Let’s think of substances that have are fragrant or have distinct odor like perfume, vanilla and cinnamon. All these substances are known to have a distinct smell and are fragrant, or we can say aromatic. The smell is because these substances are made of aromatic compounds.
Perfume Vanilla Extract Cinnamon
These Substances are Made of Aromatic Compounds
__Aromatic compounds__ are substances that consist of one or more rings in its chemical structure that contain alternating
…show more content…
Here, we can see that they contain rings with alternating single and double bonds in their chemical structure.
Toluene Naphthalene
Examples of Aromatic Compounds
In the ring, the electrons are delocalized. When we say ‘’delocalized electrons’’, it means that these electrons are not attached on a fixed atom. The electrons are spread out over the ring, and they can also be described as “floating” around the ring. In benzene, for instance, the two structures show that the double bonds can be moved about the ring because the electrons are delocalized within the ring. This is why alternating double bonds in the ring can also be illustrated as a circle, as shown below.
Benzene has delocalized electrons in the ring
The ring structure of an aromatic compound must be __coplanar, so this means that the atoms involved in the ring are on the same plane. Here, we can see that the carbon (gray) and hydrogen (white) atoms are all on the same plane.
Top View Side View
Benzene has a coplanar
…show more content…
Many aromatic compounds have an odor but there are some compounds that are aromatic but do not have a distinct smell. A compound can be classified as an aromatic compound if it has the properties we mentioned earlier, and if it follows Huckel’s Rule, which we will discuss in the next section.
!!!Huckel’s Rule: Definition and Examples
In order for a compound to be aromatic, it also must satisfy Huckel’s Rule. __Huckel’s Rule__ states that an aromatic compound must have a certain number of pi electrons. The number of pi electrons must be equal to 4n+2, where n is equal to zero or any positive integer (n = 0, 1, 2…).
What is a pi electron? A __pi electron__ are the electrons that are present in the double bonds. To check if a compound follows Huckel’s rule, first, we need to count the number of pi electrons – these are the electrons in the double bonds in the ring. In our example below, benzene, there are six pi electrons.
Counting Pi Electrons In
Most pheromone based perfumes marketed on the internet elicit their effect by affecting one or more gland in the body.
The primary goal of this laboratory project was to identify an unknown compound and determine its chemical and physical properties. First the appearance, odor, solubility, and conductivity of the compound were observed and measured so that they could be compared to those of known compounds. Then the cation present in the compound was identified using the flame test. The identity of the anion present in the compound was deduced through a series of chemical tests (Cooper, 2009).
...e 3. Both letters A and B within the structure of trans-9-(2-phenylethenyl) anthracene, that make up the alkene, have a chemical shift between 5-6 ppm and both produce doublets because it has 1 adjacent hydrogen and according to the N + 1 rule that states the number of hydrogens in the adjacent carbon plus 1 provides the splitting pattern and the number of peaks in the split signal, which in this case is a doublet.1 Letters C and D that consist of the aromatic rings, both are multiplets, and have a chemical shift between 7-8 ppm. 1H NMR could be used to differentiate between cis and trans isomers of the product due to J-coupling. When this occurs, trans coupling will be between 11 and 19 Hz and cis coupling will be between 5 and 14 Hz, showing that cis has a slightly lowered coupling constant than trans, and therefore have their respective positions in a product. 2
Dioxin is a member of the family of organic compounds known as aromatics. Dioxin is the shorthand that refers to a family of polychlorinated dibezodioxins or PCDDs. Their general structure is that of two chlorinated benzene rings joined by two oxygens, hence dioxin. Dioxin is not made intentionally but are usually formed as by-products in many large scale chemical processes such as paper pulp bleaching with chlorine and most significantly, the manufacture of chlorophenol chemicals.
1980, Pelchat et al. 2011). It was suggested first as a specific smell hypersensitivity by Lison et al. in 1980, meaning that the people that could smell the odor had a heightened sense of smell allowing them to distinguish the asparagus odor from regular urine odors. However, in the experiment conducted by Lison et al. (1980), there was not a big enough difference or variation between those that could smell the odor and those that could not smell it, these results do not have enough evidence to support that a specific smell hypersensitivity exists they simply show that each of the different subjects can smell the odor at varying concentrations of the diluted urine (Lison et al. 1980, McDonald 2011). The results of the experiment conducted in 1980 by Lison et al. could also be considered as inaccurate because they used a single urine sample for the experiment with unknown concentrations of the sulfurous compounds, the sample could have had a small concentration of the sulfurous compounds meaning only the most sensitive of noses could have registered the characteristic
Ionic compounds are normally a combination of a metal, along with one or more non-metals. If you recognize the two ions, you have the name of the compound. For example, the familiar calcium ion, Ca2+ must combine with two iodides, I–, to afford calcium iodide, CaI2. For ionic compounds this means that the formula unit must have an equal number of positive and negative charges because ionic
There are four different types of hydrocarbons each having a different homologous series (formula for carbon chain). These being an alkane (formula = CnH2n+2), alkene (formula = CnH2n), alkyne (formula = CnH2n-2), and an alkanol which has the same formulae as an alkane only that is has a hydroxide molecule which replaces one of the hydrogen atoms (refer to figure 3 and
I think every odor instantaneously takes over ones emotions and curiosity , but odors cannot shape a persons character or demeanor permanently because odors fade and are truly never forever so I disagree that any odor can have a persuasive power so powerful to change a persons views on life ,Grenouille uses the power of odors twice the first time to smell like a normal person which makes him basically unable to be seen and the second time he creates a scent from all his victims scents he has stolen which makes everybody do what he wants.
The first group of chemical compounds to be discussed are terpenes. Terpenes are a very comprehensive group of metabolites which are known to contain essential oils that produces well-known scents in herbs belonging to the Lamiaceae plant family (Scott 2008). These scented compounds are usually found in the trichomes of basil, rosemary, lavender, etc. (Scott 2008). Electron micrograph images of these trichomes can be seen below. According to Keeling & Boltmann (2006), there are about 30 000 known types of terpenes which originated from structures created from terpene synthases. These terpene synthases can be broken up into three groups, monoterpene synthases, sesquiterpene synthases, and diterpene synthases (Keeling &...
+ 360 + (3 348) + 463 = 5575. Pentan-1-ol has eleven C-H bonds, 4 C-C bonds, 1 C-O bond and one O-H bond therefore the calculation would be: (11 412) + (4 348)+ 360 + 463 = 6747. Hexan-1-ol has 13 C-H bonds, 5 C-C bonds, one C-O bond and one O-H bond therefore the calculation would be: (13 412) + 360 + (5 348) + 463 = 7919. Heptan-1-ol has 15 C-H bonds, 6 C-C bonds, one C-O bond and one O-H bond therefore the calculation would be: (15 412) + 360 +(6 348) + 463 = 9091. Octan-1-ol has 17 C-H bonds, 7 C-C bonds, one C-O bond and one O-H bond therefore the calculation would be: (17 412) + 360 + (7 348) + 463 = 10263.
Scent is part of the five senses that are developed when an infant is still in the mother’s womb. It is processed by a part of the brain that correlates with memory, so at a young age an infant could differentiate who their mother is by scent. Odor is a sign and olfactory condition (Waskul & Vannini, 2008). As someone gets older they begin to develop scents they like and dislike. There are also scents that people find attractive and unattractive. When meeting another individual for the first time a human’s first instinct is to smell them without realizing it. For instance, have you ever sat by someone or hugged someone who smelled good or bad? If so, many people tend to associate the scent with attractiveness or unattractiveness depending on the level of smell. There have been many studies indicating that there is a strong correlation between odor and attractiveness. Although the scent is a universal and an undetectable smell it can influence the level of perceived attractiveness of another person.
I love crafting – creating beautiful items with my hands and my spirit is a pastime that pleases me endlessly. I am even more delighted when I can combine the fun of craft-making with the therapeutic practicality of aromatherapy. Candles and wax melts smell delicious, and they make a pretty addition to any setting. However, you may also apply scent strategically to benefit your physical and emotional health. The following scents have medicinal or practical properties that you might use to bring balance to your moods and your life.
Besides the use of essential oils in fragrances, there are approximately 3000 chemicals that are used in making of fragrance. It is used in many body care products and as well as perfumes, colons, and deodorants. As the studies have shown, such chemicals can trigger many different feelings hunger, nostalgia, happiness, or disgust. It is also used in many home products such as candles, cleaning products, laundry detergents, fabric care, and air fresheners. Fragrances are made with essential oils, which consists of extract of a plant. However, about 95 percent of the ing...
Aromas we smell are processed in the limbic system of the brain which is where emotions and memories are stored. So we are literally tapping into a very deep part of the brain when sniffing a fragrance. There is no filter on the sense of smell either, so we drop into those emotions or memories instantly. This can happen out of the blue, when we least expect it. A stranger on the street might wear the same cologne as a first lover, causing us to feel breathless and sentimental. Perhaps the scent of a musty cabinet might smell exactly like grandmother’s attic where we used to play as a child triggering joyful memories. Scent is powerful. In products it might achieve a myriad of results like give us confidence, keep us calm, or make us feel sexy. A well-fragranced product should be a gift and tool for the
The history of perfume is a reflection of humanity: a means of exchange, a protection against disease, a potion with divine virtues, a gallant message, which reflects society, perceptibly communicating its sense of commerce and medicine, of the sacred and the sensual. The word "perfume" comes from the Latin per fume "through smoke". This refers to the original use of fragrances - the burning of incense and herbs as a religious offering.