Research question Does changing the length of the carbon chain effect the heat of combustion of water when heated for 2 minutes? If so, which fuel reaches the highest temperature during that time? Aim To investigate the relationship between three different alkanols in terms of their carbon chain length, rate of increased temperature, and heat of combustion, in order to determine which is the most efficient at heating water to a certain temperature whilst reducing time and effects on the environment. Hypothesis If the length of the carbon chain within an alkanol is increased, then the heat of combustion will also increase due to a greater amount of intermolecular forces between molecules, as there are more carbon-hydrogen molecules being added to the homologous series. Thus the amount of energy required to break those bonds will be much higher, causing a greater amount of energy being released during the reaction. Therefore enhancing the mass of the hydrocarbon and change in enthalpy which will consequently increase the heat of combustion. Introduction It …show more content…
What this means for the reaction is that there isn’t as much bonds being produced which will ultimately affect the amount of energy released in the form of heat, thus decreasing the overall heat of combustion whilst also effecting the reliability of the calculations. There are four different types of hydrocarbons each having a different homologous series (formula for carbon chain). These being an alkane (formula = CnH2n+2), alkene (formula = CnH2n), alkyne (formula = CnH2n-2), and an alkanol which has the same formulae as an alkane only that is has a hydroxide molecule which replaces one of the hydrogen atoms (refer to figure 3 and
Patch burning has a positive and negative affect on plants, medium sized animals, birds and preventing wildfires. Patch burning is helping plants by giving them more space and values the growth. The production of dryer plants can cause more fires then there already is. The dryer the area is, the more possible chance a fire could happen in that area.
Investigation of the heat energy produced by combustion of various alcohols. Aim: ---- To investigate how different alcohols produce different amounts of heat energy through combustion. I will be heating water using different alcohols as fuels and measuring the amount of fuel consumed.
XTL (Anything to Liquid) is recently emerging phrase that represented all of technologies intended to convert any source of carbon to liquid hydrocarbons. These processes have at least three main steps: syngas production, Fischer Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) and product finalizing. Syngas production might be different from feed and technology point of view and these differences affect all downstream units partially. In this step, source of carbon converted to syngas which is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Origin of the letter X in the XTL phrase depends on this carbon source since B stands for Biomass, C for Coal (bituminous or non-bituminous), G for (natural) Gas and W for Waste (petrochemical wastes, worn automobile tires and …) [1-4]. Amongst these routes steam reforming in fixed bed reformers and partial oxidation in auto thermal reactors are more attractive in industrial applications (both related to Gas to Liquid (GTL) process) [5]. Although these processes seem completely different form syngas production point of view but they are almost similar in the next step, the heart of any XTL factory, namely FTS. In FTS unit syngas converted to chains of different hydrocarbons such as paraffin, olefin, oxygenated and …, by use of sutiable catalysts of iron or cobalt based. This section is the most important section of any XTL factory and in fact XTL is translation of the classical Fischer Tropsch Synthesis the language of industrial and commercial world. Finally the hydrocarbon products might undergo some finalizing steps to reach the specifications of the market. This is the final step of a XTL process and might be comprised of different units with a variation of complexness depending on the final product quality and perhaps...
Investigating Factors Affecting the Heat of Combustion of Alcohols PLANNING SECTION Introduction ------------ Alcohols are organic substances, and consist of Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon. All alcohols are toxic but the amount that can be tolerated by the human body varies for different alcohols. For example drinking small amounts of Methanol can lead to blindness and even death.
When the flame was blown out and the glowing wooden splint was placed halfway into the test tube containing H2O2 and MnO2 crystals, the splint reignited and caught flame once again. This demonstrates the decomposition of H2O2 into water and hydrogen. MnO2 is a catalyst that increases the rate at which H2O2 decomposes. Adding oxygen to a fire will cause it to burn faster and hotter and the oxygen rich test tube allowed the splint to reignite.
Ulbig et al. [14] and [15] carried out precise measurements of heat generated when propylene glycol (PG), ethylene glycol (EG) and ethanol (ET) were diluted with water, respectively. Hubert et al. [16] showed heat absorption by infinite dilution of NaCl solution with water, and Khrenova et al. [17] showed heat absorption by infinite dilution of NaNO3 solution. Using these results, heat from mixing or dilution at 25 °C for each solution was approximated using a least squares method as follows, respectively:
There are many factors that affect the products of chemical reactions. All reactions are affected in a different way when exposed to these agents. Temperature is just one of many factors that can change things about reactions. When exposed to temperature change, the activation energy of a reaction can be met much more quickly (or slowly) than it would have been. As the temperature goes up, the rate of reaction increases. Temperature is a very flexible contributor to the rate of reactions and chemical reactions in general. Changes in temperature can affect almost all parts of a reaction, such as the kinetic energy of the molecules, the speed of enzymes, and how quickly activation energy is met. While temperature changes many things in reactions, some factors in reactions can change temperature.
Alternatives to CFCs - EasyChem - The Ultimate Resource for HSC Chemistry: Syllabus-Based Dot-Point Study Notes/Summaries, Past Exam Papers, and More. 2014. Alternatives to CFCs - EasyChem - The Ultimate Resource for HSC Chemistry: Syllabus-Based Dot-Point Study Notes/Summaries, Past Exam Papers, and More. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.easychem.com.au/monitoring-and-management/the-atmosphere/alternatives-to-cfcs. [Accessed 26 April 2014].
The link between the number of carbon atoms in a fuel with the amount of energy it releases
The purpose of this project was to determine if algae would produce more energy than sunflower oil and canola oil. The hypothesis was that algae would produce more energy. The type of algae that was used for the experiment was chlorella. The project experiment involved growing algae in water which was placed under a carbon dioxide tank. The algae required a 12 hour light cycle per day to grow efficiently. Once grown, the algae was placed into a bomb calorimeter to measure the amount of heat energy it produces. Since there wasn’t a high quantity of algae, it was mixed in with sunflower oil. Subsequently, the sunflower oil and canola oil were also tested in the bomb calorimeter to measure the amount of heat energy they generate. The algae produced - 56.2670 kJ/g compared to sunflower oil producing -36.5578 kJ/g and canola oil producing -3.4893 kJ/g in the bomb calorimeter. This result confirms that the algae produces more than sunflower oil and canola oil.
Methane has the simplest chemical formulation among the organic compounds, as it consists only of one carbon and four hydrogen atoms. The bonds between these atoms are 4 equivalent C-H bond.
...sen burner, the oxygen gives more energy to the electrons in the flame, causing the flame to heat up more and more. Therefore, the chemical reaction of methane gas reacting with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor is given off by the Bunsen burner. We can now understand that the yellow flame contains heat as a cause of the oxygen that was a part of the reaction, but to make the flame hotter, the percentage of oxygen being fed to the Bunsen burner must increase.
Temperature affects various processes in the water quality (ANZECC 1992). The rate of chemical reactions, for example, is activated when high water temperature occurs which causes evaporation of certain substances that may be present in the water. Also, as water temperature increases, the solubility rate of gases in water, such as oxygen (O2), decreases and respiration rates of aquatic organisms increases which results to greater oxygen consumption (Chapman and Kimstach 1992). A change in water temperature also causes greater destruction of aquatic life and problem of unwanted growth of water plants and wastewater fungus (Metcalf and Eddy 1991).
The total enthalpy change for a petrol-ethanol fuel mixture was calculated by multiplying the percentage of ethanol in a sample by the enthalpy of combustion of pure ethanol and adding that value to the value obtained by multiplying the percentage of petrol by the enthalpy of combustion of pure petrol.
The boiling process in many physical systems depends on many factors. For this study, the effect of adding other substances on the boiling process of water was determined. This was done through the comparison of the rate of the boiling process of water