Chapter 4
Previously we have discussed the detail study of the system that analysis the requirements . While the requirements specification activity is entirely in the problem domain, design is the first step in moving from the problem domain toward the solution domain. Design is essentially the bridge between requirements specification and the final solution for satisfying the requirements[]. In this chapter we will produce a model that represent the system which can be used later to build the system. In the next sections we are going to discuss the architectural design of Smart Course. The architecting process can be thought as a decision making process in which the appropriate decisions must be made. Upon to that we will answer and clarify
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Smart Course is a distributed architecture that organized as a set of services and associated server and clients access these services. According to that, client/server is suitable for representing this computing. Client/server is a distributed software architecture in which systems are divided into autonomous processes, where a client sends requests to a server and that server sends responses as an answer to the request to that client[1]. When creating a distributed client/server system there are several strategies on can use to divide the logical layers over processes. A logical layer will be discussed later in the next section 4.4 while in this subsection we describe a physical layer. A physical layer is called a tier. Tiers describe the physical distribution of the functionality and components on separate servers, computers, networks, or remote locations. In the past, several strategies were implemented with different degrees of success. In the next paragraphs several tier-models are introduced.
1-tier : all the logical layers are putted into one physical layer. It is not a distributed model but mentioned here for completeness. Applications that presented to end user are used a 1-tier model like Microsoft
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There are three main styles which are mostly used:
1- The repository model: Sub-systems making up the system should exchange information so that they can work together effectively.
2- The client-server model: is a system where the system is organized as a set of services and associated servers and clients that access and use the services.
3- The layered model: organize the system into layers, each of which provide a set of services.
Our choice to organize the system is the layered model. Smart Course is suggested to be developed. The layering will make developing easy as it is support the incremental development of the system. Smart Course can be used as a template by other university because the layered organization is changeable more easily.
All logical layers together form the application. Each layer is responsible for a specific task. This logical layers does not need to be the same as physical layers. We mention a 5 different layers in the software (see figure 4.). The layering shown here is a reference model. In actually, when implementing the system the layers will not be clear as what mention here.
Figure 4. System
An example of a highly important protocol which will be utilized at application level, is HTTP or hypertext transfer protocol. HTTP is the protocol used within web browsers and the entire internet to send and receive specific web page data. HTTP is a controlling protocol, as it determines how documents should be sent, and what the browser should do in response to commands. When accessing a web page, a HTTP command is sent to the pages web server, so that the server may send that specific page’s data to the user. PCO’s Learning Centre will be using the hypertext transfer protocol on a regular basis. In order for students to access web pages, the HTTP must exist to ensure speedy and accurate navigation, especially in a learning
A distributed system is a collection of independent computers (nodes) that appears to its users as a single coherent
This presentation is about a general overview of the concept, understanding and implementation of this new approach call Multi-Tier system of supports. By the end of it you will be able to define MTSS and based on what you learned after this presentation certainly all this new concepts and ideas will be useful for each participant of this class who main goal it’s to become an excellent teacher.
In designing a structured education program it-self has give a new knowledge in practice setting. I have learned that implementing change is not an easy job but it is fundamental for improving pati...
Stage 3 involves creating an Architectural Model version of the whole system including sub systems. A Viewpoint Hierarchy shows a skeleton version of the system which can be ins...
Information and Software Technology Years 7–10: Syllabus. (2003, June). Retrieved April 10, 2014, from http://www.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au/syllabus_sc/pdf_doc/info_soft_tech_710_syl.pdf
After the systems planning is complete, the next course of action is the systems analysis phase. This phase includes defining the requirements of the system. This means that the team must conclude what the system needs to do in order to satisfy the users. This is done by forming a requirements...
Due to the development of ICT, adaptive learning, which takes into account individual learners’ needs, is changing. Learners’ learning styles are one of the most significant characteristics. They can be categorized according to a number of criteria which are based on cognitive and emotional components of personality. Their combination leads to the countless individual variants of real learning methods which – to a certain degree – can be influenced by the current e-learning resources. When the e-learning resources can react to the learners’ input characteristics or their learning results, they become adaptive e-learning systems (AES) or intelligent AES.
Distance learning, sometimes called e-learning, is a formalized teaching and learning system specifically designed to be carried out remotely by using electronic communication. People could find out distance learning on the internet or searching form the school, sometimes teachers would introduce the best or the most credibility distance learning web. Such as class.com and University of Phoenix, etc. Distance learning is less expensive and is not constrained by geographic considerations; it offers opportunities in situations where traditional education has difficulty operating. Students with scheduling or distance problems can benefit, as can employees, because distance education can be more flexible in terms of time and can be delivered virtually anywhere. Under the unified leadership of the distance learning education, the modern distance learning education work gradual increase the number of school has now reached a certain scale. However, not every school or any distance learning education has clear idea for the modern education. Many people have differences understandings and it formed a big deviation. It can be said, for the purpose of developing the distance learning education and the hopes has not formed a consensus, which leads to very often difficult to form in the actual work force.
Within the analysis phase a set of goals are needed within the domain. From this there are three perspectives which are taken; the object model the Ronald LeRoi Burback (1998) states “dynamic model, and a functional model. The object model represents the artifacts of the system. The dynamic model represents the interaction between these artifacts represented as events, states, and transitions. The functional model represents the methods of the system from the perspective of data flow.” After the analysis phase the system design phase takes place. Here the system is sub-categorized and appointed tasks and persistent data storage is established, also within this phase the architecture is formed. Lastly the object design phase starts and is where the implementation plan is established and algorithms and object classes are also
The purpose of CSCL is to support collaborative learning through the use of technology, especially courses which utilize the Internet. Such classes are a natural fit for carefully fadi...
Stair, R. M. (2008) Fundamentals of business information systems, Australia; United Kingdom: Course Technology CENGAGE Learning.
Abstract: Recently, there has been a rush to create web-based instructional courses. The approach that is being taken to create web-based courses is to create websites that will function as the central distributors of information and materials. Based on the format and content of the course, the student is to go through lesson by lesson to complete courses. In this paper, I address some of the problems inherent in this approach, especially with respect to 18-22 year-old undergraduate education.
META Group. Inc has an enterprise architecture planning process that avails a systematic way to aligning information technology projects to IT organizations with corporate priorities and objectives. META Group is an international organization that deals with advisory and consulting issues internationally. It`s role is to provide advice on technology and business strategies. It has provided these services to more than three thousand, three hundred clients across the world in over forty countries. META Group has used an enterprise architecture tool known as Model Driven Architecture (MDA). This tool has the capacity of implementing enterprise systems that are made known by the enterprise architecture process. Therefore, it provides a broad loom to the development and management of IT environments (Buchanan, 2002).
Today, it is so clear to see many significant changes in the education around the world because of computer. Almost all schools and universities have become involved with computer’s system to provide an appropriate environment for students to study or prepare for classes. For example, Oklahoma State University provides a crucial program called Desire to Learn (D2L) which is an online website made for teachers to post assignments, grades, and other notes related to the courses. And this program is so helpful because it gives students a nice chance to study from home, participate on announced events, or even avoid students from getting in trouble such as receiving email when weather conditions are not good to attend classes. Moreover, in the past students and researchers used to face difficulties to get information and data related to subject. However, nowadays computer makes it easier because of the gigantic data and information that computer has. Computer has a revolutionary influence in enhancing our education.