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Role of external auditors for financial statements
Role of external auditors for financial statements
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To : Mr. Taylor, President, Terry Timber Inc. From : External Auditor, Terry Timber Inc. Subject : Advice on accounting policies of stated matters of Terry Timber Inc. (TT) Dear Mr. Taylor Enclosed is the report you requested regarding the adequate accounting policies for the stated matters for financial statements of TT. My objective, as an external auditor for TT, is to come up with reasonable and justifiable treatments for the accounting matters that result in meeting the goals of the company and objectives of all users. The Financial Statements (FS) of TT have primarily four users with different objectives, Shareholders – to evaluate the performance and growth of the company, to increase return on their investment, and to ensure accurate reporting. Bank - to determine, if company complies with covenants, to ensure repayment of their loan and accurate reporting, Union - to evaluate ongoing and future gains of the company and to see maximum profits, and Mr. Taylor, president of TT (preparer of FS) - to maximize profits, to evaluate growth of the company, to meet bank covenants, to minimize taxes and to ensure accurate financial reporting. There are other users as well like CRA/Auditors - to ensure accurate reporting by TT, Court (if requested during trails) – to see if FS reports are fairly stated or not. TT is a publicly traded company listed on Toronto Stock Exchange therefore it is constraint by GAAP and has to meet the requirements of the securities laws of Ontario and the rules of the stock exchange. TT is also constraint by covenants set by its Bank, and has to be extra careful about the Current Ratio. Also, union is expecting a significant gain-sharing plan therefore incomes reported in this year financial report will play crucial role in the negotiations. Further this time; auditors will be extra careful during audits because of the lawsuit filed by the shareholders, therefore, scrutiny will be high. Following are the issues that need to be addressed, while complying with the Financial reporting constraints. Court Cases : TT has two potential court cases against it, first, by Shareholders and second by Mr. MacDonald, ex-president of TT. According to GAAP, if likelihood of the event happening is known, damage is material and measurable then accrue the cost and disclose in financial notes but if any one of the three components are not known than disclose it in Financial Notes. In Mac Donald’s Case - even though damage is known and is very much material, likelihood of happening is not known.
The company has a responsibility to establish and implement internal and external controls for proper accounting reporting. Target Corporation has done a good job of developing these controls and thus the accounting has been reliable and accurate. To assist in a audit of the company, it must establish substantive procedures that can follow up on the EPS accounting policy. A testing to confirm events and their occurrence would be helpful to ensure that the events and transactions have actually occurred and are recorded in the financial statements accordingly.
Accounting policies are essential for adequately understanding the information provided in financial statements. An entity as required by GAAP, should present as an integral part of the financial statement a statement identifying the accounting policies adopted and followed by the reporting entity (Kieso, Weygandt & Warfiled, 2015, p.1391). Accounting policies are the specific accounting methods an organization presently uses and considers most appropriate to present its financial statements fairly. The disclosing of accounting policies must incorporate important conclusions as to the relevance of principles concerning the recognition of revenue and allocation of asset costs to current and future periods (FASB). Identifying accounting policies
In recent years many manufacturing companies have exceeded the technology for residential, agriculture, construction, landscaping, forestry and engines, yet John Deere is still one of the best products that people use everyday. Questions come up whether the company’s products are proven, simple, more efficient, and integrated machines that are capable of developing engines. Some of the merchandises are strong-featured to survive the extreme vibration, temperatures, and duty cycles found in off-highway conditions. This paper will demonstrate Economic Environment, Socio-cultural Environment, Global Environment, Competitive Environment, Governmental Environment, and Technological Environment of John Deere Corporation (Leslie, 2014).
Butler Lumber Company is looking for more cash due to a fast-paced lumber market and a shortage of funding. Their regular bank, Suburban National Bank, is not willing to expand their exiting loan to an amount greater than $250,000 without securing the loan with real property. Another loan is being offered by a second bank, Northrup National Bank, for $465,000, with the understanding that the previous loan would be rolled into the second. The interest on the new loan would be prime + 2%.
• Horizontal snapshot (Service provide, revenue, industry, CEO, and more) of the client under the banner picture
The constant battle between Canada and US and the tariffs that were put on the Canadian lumber had negative consequences on the economy and employment. If the US never put trade barriers in the first place, it would very beneficial for both economies. In this case, from the US perspective, the price of the lumber would go down (since it doesn’t include the tariff); the US consumers/firms would enjoy the lower price. By having decreasing the lower input cost, American firms would expand their production and enjoy higher profits. On the other hand, Canadian producers would focus on producing more lumber; by having no constraints on the current account, this will allow the Canadian lumber industry to increase production and enjoy
The directors need to be able to view the financial performance of the group in order to make relevant and informed decisions. In order to obtain this information the correct procedures, as mentioned, must be followed to ensure that assets are not overstated and liabilities
Fletchers started their business in the construction sector in 1909. Timber weatherboard house in Dunedin, New Zealand was their first project and they built it. They remain the leading construction company in New Zealand until 2001. In late 2001, they change their name The Fletcher Building Company on the stock exchange of New Zealand. Their main office is in Penrose, Auckland. They have near 20,000 employees working for them. They are dealing with mainly six different sections of construction work, heavy and light both building products, panels, and laminates distribution in New Zealand; they also distribute construction products in Australia and constructing the new big buildings there.
The primary users are investors, creditors, and those who advise them. It goes on to define the criteria that make up each potential user, as well as, the limitations of financial reporting. The FASB explicitly states that financial reporting is “but one source of information needed by those who make investment, credit, and similar resource allocation decisions. Users also need to consider pertinent information from other sources, and be aware of the characteristics and limitations of the information in them” (Financial Accounting Standards Board, 2006). With this in mind, it is still particularly difficult to determine who the financials should be catered towards and what level of prudence is necessary for quality judgment.
The oversight responsibilities of the board, the CAE lacking of expertise or broad understanding of financial controls and responsibilities, and the understaffed internal audit functions lacking of independence and direct access to the board of directors contributed to the absence of internal controls. To begin with, the board should be retrained to achieve financial literacy to review financial reporting. Other than attending formal meetings, the board of directors should be more involved with the management. For the Audit Committee, the two members who were recruited as acquaintances to Brennahan need be replaced with experts who are more sufficiently knowledgeable about accounting rules beyond merely “financially literate”. Furthermore, the internal audit functions need to expand with different expertise commensurate with the expanded activities of the organization, testing financial reporting rather than internal controls from an operational perspective. The CAE should be more independent and proactive to execute audit plans, instead of following orders from the CFO, and initiate a direct and efficient communication between internal audit and audit
It should be pres... ... middle of paper ... ... o monitor the health of the company and also to make the right choices. They are the most important users of financial information as without this group using the information properly the company could cease to survive. Bibliography Biz/ed 2004, Accounting [Online], available http://www.bized.ac.uk Duncan Williams 2004, User of Financial Statements, [online], available http://www.duncanwill.co.uk Finance Demon 2004, User of Financial Information, [online], available http://www.financedemon.co.uk Financial Reporting Council 2004, About the FRC [online], available http://www.asb.org.uk Hacker Young Chartered Accountants 2004, Accounts Explained [online], available http://www.account-explained.co.uk Joe Corbett 2004, Class Notes, Borders College, Galashiels
Main view of this report is to explain how the accounting plays a major role in banking, finance and other sectors of business. To decide this, the following questions are explained as follows:
(i) Judgement and materiality play a significant role in helping to ensure that the selection of accounting policies in presenting the financial statements for a true and fair picture of the company’s financials. This means that entities should provide the financial statements with comparability, consistency and clarity to users of these statements. Entities must follow accounting policies required by IFRS and AASB should be relevant to particular circumstance.
The fundamental duty of an external financial auditor is to form and express an opinion on whether the reporting entity’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with the relevant financial reporting framework. In discharging this duty, the auditor must exercise “reasonable skill, care and caution” (Lopes, J. in Kingston Cotton Mill Co 1896) as reflected in current legal and professional requirements.
In the case of Dayton Hudson Corporation, the company fell into a situation of a hostile takeover attempted by the Dart Group in 1987. At that time, Kenneth Macke was the CEO of the Dayton Hudson Corporation and sternly disagreed with letting the company fall into the hands of the Haft’s. Macke’s decision on what could be done to terminate the takeover turned the circumstances over to the hands of the state of Minnesota where Dayton Hudson’s headquarters resided. Macke requested a special session of the legislature to revisit the Minnesota corporate takeovers statute. This proved to work in Dayton Hudson’s favor and a statute was enacted that left the decision of a takeover up to the Board of Directors of the company.