The Tigrayan tribe, also known as the Tigrinya, is a tribe composed of people living in both Ethiopia and Eritrea that speak the language of Tigrinya, regardless of the area they live in. The Tigrayan control the majority of the Ethiopian government and, through the pursuit of their interests, are the catalyst for the majority of the tension between Ethiopia and Eritrea. Their pursuit of alleged tribal lands constantly promotes hostility between the two countries and, if left unchecked, could potentially degrade the rickety stability in the Horn of Africa as well as jeopardize elements of world-wide trade.
The manifesto of the Tigray Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF) defined a Tigrayan as: “…anybody that speaks the language of Tigrinya including those who live outside Tigray, the Kunamas, the Sahos, the Afar and the Taltal, the Agew, and the Welkait” (TPLF, 1976). Based on that statement, the peoples that are considered to be Tigrayan make up roughly 50% and 6% of Eritrea’s and Ethiopia’s populations respectively. The Tigrayan tribe is an ancient tribe that traces its roots all the way back to King Solomon and Queen Sheba. The tribe has been in their current location, the border region between Ethiopia and Eritrea, since before the birth of Christ and converted to Christianity around 400 A.D. The tribe is primarily Christian, with less that 5% being Muslim, though many of the Muslim Tigrayans do not consider themselves to actually be Tigrayan. White clothing is considered to be traditional Tigrayan garb as they consider it to be “Christian”. Most Tigrayans have a simplistic style of living wherein the man of the house, along with the older male children, works in the field to bring in food while the mother, along with the older fe...
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Amanuel Biedemariam, 28 January 2011, “US Ambassador in Eritrea”, http://www.capitaleritrea.com/insight/us-ambassador-in-eritrea/
Jon Stephenson, Dec 2006, “Eritrea and Ethiopia: Continual Conflict”, http://www1.american.edu/ted/ice/eritrea-ethiopia.htm
Tracey L. Cousin, November 1997, “Eritrean and Ethiopian Civil War”, http://www1.american.edu/ted/ice/eritrea.htm
Dereje Tariku, 11 May 2011, “The 1976 TPLF Manifesto”, http://www.abbaymedia.com/TPLF_1976_Manifesto.htm
Lauren Ploch, 3 November 2010, “Countering Terrorism in East Africa: The U.S. Response”, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/terror/R41473.pdf
“Eritrea Through the Eyes of Foreigners”, http://www.madote.com/2011/09/eritrea-through-eyes-of-foreigners.html
Sami Zerai, 27 February 2004, “The US is Doing it Again”, http://www.dehai.org/demarcation-watch/articles/Sami_Zerai_US_is_doing_it_again.html
The Bridge to Gretna case study is set in Greta following Hurricane Katrina. It revolves around evacuees to Gretna from New Orleans. The residents of New Orleans were promised food, water, shelter, etc. when they arrived to Gretna; however, the communication between the cities was scarce. There were numerous reports of violence by New Orleans residents in Gretna. This led to a majority of Gretna residents fleeing, but some were too scared to leave. Following many lootings and violence, the bridge to Gretna was closed off. This was supposed to result in a safer Gretna; however, closing the bridge left many wounded civilians in New Orleans without anywhere to go. The Gretna police force even fired over the heads of the people trying to cross over the bridge. The Gretna City Council
Nathan Price is the epitome of opposition in regard to cultural ignorance and global injustice. When Anatole is first introduced, he is invited to dinner with the Price family. At dinner Anatole tries to explain to Reverend Price that “Tata Ndu is concerned about the moral decline of his village”(127) because of the introduction of Christianity that is causing many Congolese to disregard their traditional religious duties. Anatole also tells Nathan that the villagers are carefully watching to see whether the Price’s god is capable of bringing them better luck than their local gods. In trying to explain this situation to Nathan, Anatole explains that most, if not all, of the congregation present in the Reverend’s church are known as “the lenzuka”(128). These are the people who have either shamed themselves or have had very bad luck. Such bad luck in fact, that many of the peo...
The trans-Atlantic interactions from 1600 to 1763 significantly contributed to maintaining continuity and fostering changes in the labor systems in the British North American colonies. When the colonies were founded, plantations played an important role. The Europeans maintained continuity of labor systems since the demand for labor was high in the colonies. By using African slave labor, they endorsed change to the labor systems.
The United States has had a changing view on the management of foreign policy from neutrality to a defender of democracy. It is characterized by the Monroe Doctrine during the 20th century that states no American interference in European affairs unless the democracy of the western hemisphere were to be threatened. This ideology was later abandoned with the entering of the U.S. in WWI, WWII, and the Vietnam War. The immigrants of this nation were the backbone of the working class that enabled for the U.S. to prosper economically in an open trade. As an established super power the United States has had a series of world relationships that began in 1877 to the progression of today that established the fundamental values of American exceptionalism.
The novel begins by “Abena, my mother, was raped by an English Sailor on the deck of Christ the King one day in the year 16** while the ship was sailing for Barbados. I was born from this act of aggression. From this act of hatred and contempt,” (Condé 1). Her mother Abena was a slave and Tituba was born into slavery. Tituba was concemption is due to a white sailor raping her mother, an example of a white man dominating a black woman. The hierarchy is clearly established between the black people like Abena and Tituba, and the white slave owners. The policing of this hierarchy causes Tituba to see the very dramatic deaths of her mother Abena and a father like figure in Yao. Tituba’s early life experiences is only the beginning of despicable acts done to her and the people she cares
both in the north and the south , the north as it was afraid if the
In the novel a Grain of Wheat written by Nugugi we explore in-depth the hardships and courage of African men and women who were forced to fight for their independence in the War of Independence. This book reveals to us the life of a man named Gikonyo. As a reader we learn that Gikonyo was through into a detention camp a poor and confused man. When released, Gikonyo is a new man with motivational and leadership abilities. Finding his true self in the camp and proving to be a true leader among his people. Although he is a new man after the camps, Gikonyo finds himself falling further apart from his beloved wife then he had ever been before.
98.8% of the population is made up of ethnic Somalis (Kraus). Other minority groups include Arabs, Indians, Italians, and Pakistanis. Most Somalis are nomadic or semi nomadic herders of livestock. The rest are either crop farmers or inhabitants of the few urban centers. The official languages of the country are Somali and Arabic and the state religion is Islam (“Somalian People”).
This essay will focus on racial borders within Canadian literature looking at the effects of a border on a member of a minority group. “The border is in fact also the symbol of the exclusionary practice inherent in the discourse of the nation.” Canada is a country made up largely of immigrants and their descendants, an interesting question is, what caused a country, with a diverse population to be so deeply racist?. Two novels which will reflect the experience of a members of immigrant groups in Canada, are The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz by Mordecai Richler and Obasan by Joy Kogawa. The first novel shows the Jewish experience in Canada, The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz, is a novel written by a Canadian author. The novels protagonist is a Jewish boy living in Canada. The book while comical illustrates the racial prejudices that existed towards the Jewish Canadians, through Duddy’s story. Duddy is a Jewish boy from a small town in Canada yet he has big dreams, he hopes to one day own some land because his Grandfather tells him “a man without land is a nobody. Remember that Duddel.” this can be read as a comment on Jewish displacement, the fact that the Jewish people came to Canada as immigrants. Duddy’s grandfather, Simcha, came to Canada as an Immigrant. Duddy spends a lot of time focused on his one goal which is town his own land. Throughout the novel Duddy faces discrimination due to coming from a poor area and being Jewish. Finally, a second text to show racial borders within Canadian literature is the novel Obasan. Obasan focus on the struggles of the Japanese Canadian’s. During World War II and due to the bombing of Pearl Harbour, the Japanese immigrants in Canada were subject to extreme racial prejudice. Th...
The policy of Containment is a strategy that was recommended by Foreign affair 's expert George Kennan. The policy was adopted and executed by the US government after the WW11. In his 8000-word telegram, Kennan recommended the strategy of “containment” of Soviets Union’s exploitation of other weaker East European countries. He further analyzed that curtailing the communist ideologies of Soviet Union these countries would be the best option to preventing another world war. He advised against military confrontation but instead called for a “patient, persistent and firm" strategic efforts to contain Soviet expansionism. He cautioned President Harry Truman of the evils of Stalin’s communist ideologies; these ideas included limiting the freedom of its people. The Soviet Union wanted a world modeled on their own country’s society and values, unlike the US and western Europe countries that sought to practice capitalist ideologies and democratic governments that allowed their citizens the freedom to elect government and exercise their civil liberties. He
Africa has been an interesting location of conflicts. From the conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea to the revolutionary conflict in Libya and Egypt, one of the greatest conflicts is the Rwandan Genocide. The Rwandan Genocide included two tribes in Rwanda: Tutsis and Hutus. Upon revenge, the Hutus massacred many Tutsis and other Hutus that supported the Tutsis. This gruesome war lasted for a 100 days. Up to this date, there have been many devastating effects on Rwanda and the global community. In addition, many people have not had many acknowledgements for the genocide but from this genocide many lessons have been learned around the world.
Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949, making it the most recent province to became part of the country. Some historians argue that the delay is diffcult to understand, since Newfoundland had the chance to enter into Canada in 1867. This paper explores why Newfoundland did not join Confederation in 1867 and remained an independent political entitiy. In was not in their best interest given the overarching political debacle which unfolded between the colony’s Conservatives and Liberals. The decision to remain an independent political entitiy or join the federal govenrment was hindered by opposing poltical views. Despite having two men, known today as the Fathers of Confederation, at the Quebec Conference who supported the idea of union, Newfoundland itself did not. A general election to decide the fate of the colony resulted in ongoing dissatisfaction with the idea of joining the new dominion. The question of higher taxation and terrifies that would hinder the success of the colony was a risk people were not yet ready to take. Most of Newfoundland’s core industries began to suffer and fall apart, while the colonies government continued to disagree, despite a concerted effort made by Canadian officials to have them join the larger nation.
hundreds of tribes that do not see themselves in a nationalistic light. This is a major cause of the
Mercantilism was known as the “greatest whipping boys in the economic history” (C.W., 2013). Mercantilism was a theory of trade that was adopted by major European powers in the 1500’s to the 1800’s (Mercantilism, n.d.). It was also an economic nationality for the purpose of building a wealthy and powerful nation. The “mercantile system” is used to describe the political economy that sought to enrich the country through restraining imports and focus on exports (LaHaye, n.d.).