The definition of genocide as given in the Webster's College Dictionary is "The deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group." This definition depicts the situation in 1994 of Rwanda, a small, poor, central African country. The Rwandan genocide was the systematic extermination of over eight hundred thousand Tutsi, an ethnic group in Rwanda, by the Hutu, another ethnic group in Rwanda. In this essay I will briefly describe the history of the conflict of the Hutu and Tutsi, the 100 days of genocide in 1994, and the affects of the massacre on the economy and the people of Rwanda.
The Belgians were the most at fault for the mess in Rwanda. They divided the two groups up to the point where they were giving them ID cards so that you could tell if somebody was legally Hutu or Tutsi. To make matters worse they favored the Tutsis for most of the time and gave them a lot of advantages, then right before they left they decided that they wanted to take those things away from the Tutsi and make the two groups equal.
The Rwandan Genocide was a time of ruthless slaughter in the African state of Rwanda. This time of murder would drastically symbolize the long standing racial discrimination against the Hutu. The years of segregation of the Hutu would lead to a dramatic, devastating, and deadly revolt carried out by the Hutu. The Rwandan Genocide occurred during the year of 1994 caused by years of inequality against the Hutu from the Tutsi.
“Beginning on April 6, 1994, Hutus began slaughtering the Tutsis in the African country of Rwanda. As the brutal killings continued, the world stood idly by and just watched the slaughter. Lasting 100 days, the Rwanda genocide left approximately 800,000 Tutsis and Hutu sympathizers dead” (Rosenberg 1). When Rwanda’s President, Habyrimana, was killed in a plane crash, turmoil and massacres began. A series of events escalated violence until two ethic groups were engaged in bloody battle: The Hutus and the Tutsis. Throughout the Rwandan Genocide, the Tutsis were targeted because the death of President Habyrimana and problems in social and economic life was blamed in them, thus resulting in the 100-day genocide.
There had always been tension between the Hutus and the Tutsis but, certain events increased tensions between the two groups. Rules, appearances, and opportunities were never the same for any of the groups therefore hate begin to build upon the two groups. This tension would continue for years until the genocide in 1994.
Jones, Bruce D. "War and Genocide: History of the Rwandan Conflict." Peacemaking in Rwanda: the dynamics of failure. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2001. 15-19. Print.
...and friends just to survive being killed by their hand. This was the reality that many Tutsis faced during those few months. Elie Wiesel, a Holocaust survivor, said, “For the dead and the living, we must bear witness.” The people of today are responsible for never forgetting the Rwandan Genocide. By examining the circumstances that made it possible, perhaps the people of the future will make sure that no genocide will ever happen again.
Genocide is “the deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, ethnic, political, or cultural group”. In Rwanda for example, the Hutu-led government embraced a new program that called for the country’s Hutu people to murder anyone that was a Tutsi (Gourevitch, 6). This new policy of one ethnic group (Hutu) that was called upon to murder another ethnic group (Tutsi) occurred during April through June of 1994 and resulted in the genocide of approximately 800,000 innocent people that even included women and children of all ages. In this paper I will first analyze the origins/historical context regarding the discontent amongst the Hutu and Tutsi people as well as the historical context as to why major players in the international community chose not to intervene. Second, the actor/agent using political violence, in this case the Hutu, will also be analyzed into segments that include the characterization of the Hutu people, as well as their goals, tactics of violence used and resources administered that allowed them to accomplish the genocide against the Tutsi. Finally, how the Tutsi respond to the violence against them, what resources they had in deterring the Hutu and the outcome of the Rwanda genocide will also be discussed.
After the Europeans supported the Hutus, they began the revolt. By 1959 the Hutus had gained power and were taking land from the Tutsis. The Tutsis moved to neighboring countries and created the Front Patriotique Rwandais and were trained by the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). The Hutus finally gained independence for Rwanda in 1962. The new Hutus government, which was inexperienced, had problems. Tension between the people grew and in 1990 the civil war began and didn 't end till 1993. Then in 1994 the Hutus President’s plane was shot down, and the Hutus believe it was the Tutsi that did it, and the Tutsi believe the Hutus people did it to have a reason to start the genocide. The Rwandan Genocide of 1994 happened over a period of 100 days. The brutality perpetrated by the Hutus upon the Tutsis resulted in 800,000 deaths After the Genocide the government get rid of ethnicity cards that would be able to ethnically identify them. In today’s Rwandan society the Hutus and the Tutsis get along, because they have realized that they are similar to each other when it comes to everyday
"Rwanda: How the genocide happened." BBC News 18 dec 2008. n. pag. Web. 1 Nov. 2011. .
Genocides have plagued the world since men first began forming social groups. A genocide can be defined as the deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group. Although the actual word genocide wasn’t invented until 1948, they have been around forever in human history. The earliest genocides happened approximately 10,000 years ago when ancient tribes mass-murdered their opposing sides. This is the earliest scientifically dated evidence for a human group conflict—a precursor to what we now know as a genocide. The most prominent genocide as seen throughout history is the Holocaust. This horrific event carried out by Hitler and his loyal Nazi soldiers took the lives of over six million Jews. Genocides can occur for many of reasons, whether it be a difference in economics, religion, or even physical appearance. A more modern take on a genocide event would be the Rwandan Genocide. This is when certain cultural groups have tried to eliminate their opposing side. What the Hutu’s did to the Tutsi’s is a prime example of two clashing groups that have disfavored relations. The events that took place in Rwanda in 1994 is a stark contrast from what the country is
The seeds for this conflict were planted in 1918, at the end of World War 1. Rwanda had been a protectorate of Germany since 1899. In 1915, Belgium troops took control of Rwanda away from the Germans. The League of Nations officially granted Belgium rule over Rwanda in 1918. The Belgian’s immediately began a process of ethnic division based on the existing caste system in Rwanda. Belgium granted indirect authority to the minority Tutsis. The Tutsis were thought, by the Belgium’s, to be the superior group in Rwanda, because they possessed a higher education and had achieved greater social mobility. The lower class Hutu majority were subjugated to the Tutsi rule which followed mandates of oppression and forced labor as dictated by the Belgians. Prior to this time, the Tutsi (cattle owners) and the Hutu (crop farmers) were simply divided by class. A Hutu could actually “cross class lines” and become a Tutsi by acquiring cattle, land, or wealth (Do Scars Ever Fade). The Belgians used the physical features of the two classes to divide the even further. Using calipers to measur...
The events leading up to the Rwandan genocide began decades earlier. There has been a long history of “ethnic” tensions, though it is really a matter of social class. The classification began with the German and Belgian colonizers in the early 1900’s. These colonizers created the social classes of “Hutu” and “Tutsi”, and distributed identification cards with such information (Johnson). The genocide was set off when the president’s plane was shot down (Genocide in Rwanda). Though it was never determined who shot the plane down, the Rwandan Patriotic Front, who were Tutsi rebels, have been blamed (The Rwandan Genocide). Immediately following the assassination, violence erupted in the capital city, Kigali. (Genocide in Rwanda)
As the twenty year anniversary of the genocide in Rwanda arrives, it is important to recognize the lack of action on the part of the international community, and to look toward a future where people have learned from the mistakes of the past. In some ways, each individual could ask themselves whether, if they saw a murder taking place, they would intervene. Would it depend on whether they had a weapon big enough, and whether they felt they knew the person being victimized? The Rwandan genocide reported almost 100000 brutal killings of a community within a country and it shocked the world. The genocide resulted in almost one million causalities within the space of 100 days which means 10000 killings a day. The most tragic aspect of the African civil wars and genocides has been the sheer ignorance and negligence of the international community. Foreign intervention could have mitigated a great deal of damage, and may have stabilized the political situations in different countries of the region
Looking back on what happened, many people are ashamed of the lack of response that the UN had when they heard of all the murders (The Triumph of Evil, n.d.). The genocide will always be remembered as an occurrence that could have been minimized or avoided completely with the proper aid. However, the past is the past. Rwanda survived and is now becoming a considerably prosperous country. Although civilians have moved on and new laws have been created to stop this sort of crisis from happening again, the memories of pain and horror people suffered with after the Rwanda Genocide will never be