In the article by Eric Wargo gives insight about temptation, but not the general interpretation of temptation, but more about an individual 's willpower to hold out for certain things. Temptation is a part of everyday life and I 'm sure there is not a day that goes by where someone is not tempted to say,do or think something. Also he questions whether it can be strengthened or whether it is something greater than we think.Throughout the article he presents the notion that willpower is something that everyone possesses, but not everyone is capable of actually following through and as a result they lack willpower. Eric Wargo gives his own opinions while also using others opinions to support his ideas. His main idea is that willpower is exerting …show more content…
For instance, when the author mentioned the Mischel study as well as the story about Phineas Gage, who was a railroad worker who had a traumatic accident where an iron rod passed through his front of his head damaging his frontal lobe.Another connection I made was the sentence where he says “Information about punishment and reward is vital to making sound decisions”.Which is something that makes complete sense because in the Psychology 102 study guide on page 57 Classical Conditioning which “occurs mostly with emotional responses: fear,delight,and disgust”. Also on page 57, Oparent Conditioning which has four variations ; Negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement , punishment, and negative punishment each of which was used in the marshmallow study. Something that I have learned that goes against the author 's ideas is that Operant conditioning is the learning the consequences of one 's behavior, but he does not develop the idea if the person who 's going through …show more content…
For those who don 't know body shaming is simply judging someone solely on their bodies physical appearance. In a recent video provided by abc News it shows a group of women who discuss how they needed willpower to get through weight loss. They each give emotional responses about how they would go into fitting rooms and cry because something didn 't fit or how some women actually went through the trouble of having to buy an extra plane ticket because they were “too big” for one seat. The video continues on with them saying how when they started their weight loss journey many received criticism from social media and even loved ones. They made it a priority to live a healthier life not only for them but also to show others what they were capable of. I personally believe that because they continued to have willpower they proved everyone wrong by losing as much as 50-100 pounds. Body shaming is something that no one should have to go through especially if it gets to the point where someone loses confidence in themselves. But because of media the ideal woman that we see in magazines and on television are the 6’0 ft , slim built , thin, blonde hair blue eyed women. So it actually becomes easy for people to body shame someone because we have become conditioned to seeing this certain type of person when it comes down to seeing something different we
“Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior” (Cherry). Positive reinforcement which is praising a person for doing something good verses negative reinforcement which is an unpleasant remark a punishment. B.F. Skinner did an experiment on a rat, the rat was taught to push two buttons, one to receive food and the other was a light electric shock. The rat tried both buttons and realized which button was good and which one was bad. This experiment goes to show that upon the rewards and punishment system one can learn their rights from their wrongs through a series of lessons. Kincaid and Hemingway both use operant conditioning to show human behavior under stimulus control.
In a society similar to the one of the United States, individual’s body images are placed on a pedestal. Society is extremely powerful in the sense that it has the capability of creating or breaking a person’s own views of his or her self worth. The pressure can take over and make people conduct in unhealthy behavior till reaching the unrealistic views of “perfection.” In an article by Caroline Heldman, titled Out-of-Body Image, the author explains the significance of self-objectification and woman’s body image. Jennifer L. Derenne made a similar argument in her article titled, Body Image, Media, and Eating Disorders. Multiple articles and books have been published on the issue in regards to getting people to have more positive views on themselves. Typically female have had a more difficult time when relating to body image and self worth. Society tends to put more pressure on women to live to achieve this high ideal. Body image will always be a concern as long as society puts the pressure on people; there are multiple pressures placed and theses pressures tend to leave an impact on people’s images of themselves.
Picture the world controlled by the media. Could you imagine how ugly, scarce, and hateful it would be. What would you do if a magazine or a television show told you that your body weight had to be twenty pounds lighter to be all most perfect? Would you actually consider the fact or let ignore it? Teens, mainly girls, will be sucked into these magazines. (National Eating Disorders Info Centre 15) These could be magazines like Seventeen and Cosmo Girl. In addition with many others of course. All though, the media is a bad example at times it is not precisely the main issue for negative body image. (National Eating Disorders Association 1) All though, these constant screaming messages the media produces can progress to something more serious. (National Eating Disorders Association 1) More serious as in an eating disorder.
It may just be one of the largest issues regarding equal rights. Some women out there are pushing social limits in terms of what is acceptable, yet there are people that are falling into the belief that women cannot be any more than calm and soft people. Not only that, but women are also falling victim to objectification. They are led to believe that they must achieve a certain body in order to be socially accepted. Even though it may seem like harmless advertising, the negative effects are noticeable and they are potent. At first, it is just endless spending on beauty products. Eventually, it evolves into psychological effects such as eating disorders to be specific. Women end up starving themselves or going on all kinds of weird diets just for the sake of losing weight. “I felt powerful as an anorexic. Controlling my body yielded an illusion of control over my life; I received incessant praise for my figure despite my sickly mien, and my frailty manipulated my family and friends into protecting me into conflict. I had reduced my world to a plate of steamed carrots, and over this tiny kingdom I proudly crowned myself queen.” (Abra Fortune Chernik, 141) The fact that this woman felt complete dominance because her body type suddenly became adequate enough for people around her proves that the patriarchy-based system exists. Usually, if someone is not eating enough, that person would feel weak physically and mentally. In this case, her body was barely able to support itself. Despite all this, she still felt a strong sense of control the more weight she lost. This does not only happen to one person, it occurs on a national level. People need to accept that everyone comes in different shapes and sizes. There 's no need to alter your body to fit in with social norms because society is making everyone
Burrhus Frederic Skinner was 18th century American psychologist and the founder of operant conditioning in learning. He believed that external force such as environment can affect an individual’s behavior. According to his theory, one must look at the reinforcement and the consequence in order to understand why organism’s behaved in certain ways. Skinner showed how rat can be used in operant conditioning in his laboratory.
Having a lack of self acceptance can cause men and women to spend a meaningless amount of time loathing on their imperfections, which can also degrade their self-perception on their bodies. Women who have a hard time looking at themselves in the mirror are in a constant battle with their inner demons, telling themselves that they are not beautiful enough. For example, in the article, "Out-of-Body Image" by Caroline Heldman, she says how, "[Women] are more likely to engage in "habitual body monitoring"-constantly thinking about how their bodies appear to the outside world . . ." (65). Women can spend a futile amount of time feeding negative comments to themselves about their appearance, which can heighten their chances of becoming bulimic and anorexic. Once women start to over-analyze their bodies, it can become difficult to reverse their mindset to generate positive feedback about themselves. Likewise, when men lose their confidence in their self-image, their self-perception can get misconstrued and suddenly they can only recognize their flaws. For example, in the article, "How Men Really Feel About Their Bodies," the author mentions how in general, men are in a constant competition against other males to improve their bodies so that they can survive in the male society ( Spiker, 73). Men are always under intense scrutiny regarding their bodies because they are engendered to be physically strong and built, and that is where the stigma begins in the male society. In order to sustain in the male domination, men are constantly trying to rebuild their bodies to match perfection. When men see others that are more built, their self-perception slowly starts to degrade their confidence, and that is when they have the difficulty of accepting themselves. As a result, men and women who lack self acceptance start to obsess over their
Body shaming is completely unacceptable. If a person is willing to show off their bodies and not being a size zero, what’s the problem? To have that much confidence in today’s world is inspiring and no one should be shot down for being happy with their bodies. Making someone feel less than of what they are is just an evil thing to do. Those who are brave even to stand up for themselves and be the voice for millions should be recognized in a positive light instead of being belittled by those who cannot stand to see a healthy or plus sized person love themselves.
Nordgren, L. F., & Chou, E. Y. (2011). The Push and Pull of Temptation: The Bidirectional Influence of Temptation on Self-Control. Psychological Science (Sage Publications Inc.), 22(11), 1386-1390.
Operant conditioning is a system of learning that transpires through punishment and rewards for behaviors (Kalat, 2011). Through this, a connection linking a behavior and a consequence is made. For instance a kid could be told that she will not get recess privileges if she talks in class. This possibility of being punished leads to decrease in disruptive behaviors from her. The major components of operant condition are punishment and reinforcement (Kalat, 2011).
In my reaction paper I will discuss B.F. Skinners theory operant conditioning and the ways he tested it out on animals, how it relates to humans, and how I can relate operant conditioning to my own personal life.
Shaming has been around since anyone could remember. Body shaming, shaming of other’s skin color, shaming the image of a person. People don’t realize in 2017 body shamming no longer exist. Both men and women take pride in their body and they love every bit of it. However, women have been targeted far more than man when it comes to body-shaming. Women no longer care about how they look like as long as they love themselves. Everyone was born with a different body; every individual has a different definition of beauty. For Jan Shedd to call out Demetria Obilor for being curvy and wearing a size 6 dress publicly on Facebook, was extremely uncalled for. It also demonstrates how society now thinks about body shamming since multiple people, including
Willpower is the ability to apply our conscious effort in order to do what matters most even when it is difficult. It allows us to resist short term temptations and delay satisfaction for our cravings. It is what differentiates us from animals because we are able to override our impulses in order to assure ourselves a better future.
A girl scans the sidewalk while walking home after a day of school, hoping no one notices as she hides her face, feeling like an alien in her own skin. Instead of feeling beautiful, she feels hideous because of the words said to her. Body shaming, a term that is becoming an increasingly popular issue because humans are obsessed with appearances. This generation creates these standards and puts pressure on people to live up to and then ridicule those same standards when realizing that the standards are unattainable. Everybody criticizes the way that others look but then began shaming when people began to shame that one's personal appearance. People have separated been into categories based on looks. It’s fat against fit and it is becoming unhealthy. In today's society, body shaming is an ongoing issue. Body Shaming, though active in both genders, is especially harmful to women. Body shaming is pushing women to be insecure, eating disorders, and giving men unrealistic expectations.
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning both played a key role in the history of the study of learning, but, as argued by B.F Skinner, there are key differences to be noted between the two (Gleitman, Gross, Reisberg, 2011).
Body-shaming can have a negative impact on a person's physical and mental health. They can end up with so many body issues. As teenagers, they can become self-conscious and have self-esteem issues. Mentally it may make the person feel ashamed and like there is something wrong with them (Loughlin, 2017). People also need to realize that skinny shaming is just as hurtful as fat shaming (Gies, 2017). Also, some skinny people can’t help that they are naturally thin it’s in their genetics. For example, I was born with a thin body type and eat whatever I want. It is very difficult for me to gain weight no matter how hard I try. The critical comments being made about a person’s body can lead to a development of eating disorders that can even be fatal (“Anorexia Nervosa”, 2015). So before you tell someone to go eat more remember that that person may be battling a serious illness like anorexia or bulimia and anorexia disorder has the highest mortality rate of any of the psychiatric illness (“Anorexia Nervosa”,