Doctor Money’s research with David Reimer can be classified as research motivated by exploration. At the time sex change was not well known or accepted in the culture of the Canadian society. It was not very often heard of a male or female changing their gender and going through sex change operation. Upon Doctor Money hearing from the twin’s parents, he found it as an excellent case to explore his theory on sex change. The exploratory method uses occurs when a researcher examines a new study, which in this case would be sex change. Exploratory theories are a source of grounded theory when a researcher is trying to break into a new field. As explained in our textbook exploratory studies tend to have three purposes. They are to satisfy
At first Doctor Money explained to the parents to nurture David as a girl. That seemed to work well until David began to notice changes to his body in a more masculine form. Doctor Money took a more physical approach and used genital differences between boys and girls to explain the difference. The twins were forced to strip naked and Doctor Money would ask David what the difference was between his brother’s genitals and his. Doctor Money believed that David would view himself as a girl when he would see that he does not have a penis, and that he was closer to being a girl as he just had skin in the crotch area. Nomothetic causality assumes that a casual relationship will occur. There are three core principles for nomothetic causality to occur in social research. The first principle is that variables must be correlated, the cause takes place before the effect and the variables must be nonspurious. A correlation occurs when one variable changes and it effects the other variable. In Doctor Money’s research, the two variables would have been the child’s sex and how it changes in regards to the way the child is being nurtured. His research did not have a correlation as he assumed that if a child was nurtured from birth to be raised as a girl, and then the child would grow up as a girl. However with Bruce that did not take place as he knew he was a by due to his masculine body changes around the age of 12. Doctor Money’s research did not seem to have be an example of nomothetic causality as it lacked to connect to the
It is generally accepted that the method of payment to physicians affect their professional attitude and behaviour. Consequently, health policy makers manipulate payment system in an attempt to achieve optimal health care for their citizens such as improve accessibility, quality of care, patient’s satisfaction and cost containment. In Ontario, there are a wide range of mechanisms that are used to pay physicians for their services that are funded by both federal and provincial government. According to Canada Health Act annual report (2013), the majority of primary healthcare physicians are funded using the fee for service payment arrangement but of that majority, only less than 30% are compensated exclusively according the fee for service plan. The remaining physicians are funded using one of the following mixed compensation models:
The biopsychosocial theory that I chose to apply is Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development. Erikson’s theory places more emphasis on social than sexual influences in development of children. The theory proposes that there are eight stages of development which last until birth to old age. Erikson also argued that we all consistently move through each stage methodically and don’t skip stages (Rogers,
“The Myth of Trans Regrets”, covers topics discussed in this piece such as, attitudes of the patients after transforming through, hormone therapy, chest surgery, genital surgery and overall. Colin Close and GATE conducted the study, “Report of the 2011 Transition Survey”, used for the results in the image. (See figure 1)
Upon doing some research, I found that a pediatrician's main duty, and the type of the work done in the career. According to Gaither (2016), the author examines who a pediatrician is and what this chosen career does in health care. According to Gaither (2016), a pediatrician’s main duty is to take care and to examine children to make sure they are in a healthy condition and are developing correctly. It also mentions that picking a pediatrician is a very important choice for the future and well being of your child. However, to goes on to mention that pediatricians are very important to have because they have extensive knowledge of a child’s health, and a pediatrician can spot illnesses quickly and diagnose them effectively. This is further
Medicare uses the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule to pay physicians and the Outpatient Prospective Payment System to pay hospitals and other outpatient facilities. Recently, the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS) made changes to physician and outpatient payments. The five levels clinic visit codes or five outpatient codes were replaced with a single code. “The Chronic Care Management Fee will go into effect in January 2014 and will be the new form of physician compensation. Bundle Payment is a way for paying for high volume, high cost hospital procedures. Global payment enables providers to reduce unnecessary care and bring down spending under control but creates incentives for providers to restrain the supply of services.
First; comes, the notion of nature. West and Zimmerman term this as sex, referring to a person’s biological makeup through genitalia, having a penis or vagina, or simply chromosomal pairing of XY or XX (29). Although there is no escape or control an individual has, if their foetal tissues formed into a penis or vagina, biology does play an underlying role in an individual’s identity and personality formation which is socially constructed. What is the correlation between biology and socially constructed gender then? The case study West and Zimmerman present of “Agnes, a transsexual person who was born (31), ” and raised a boy, but went through sex reassignment surgery, and identifies as a female, shows that although biology may result in a certain genitalia, an individual’s response to that may be one that is conforming or opposing to it. By the terms conforming and opposing I mean to say that Agnes could have either continued to
In the text "The Sexing of the body" Sterling argues that scientist should not only worry about the physical feature to determine someone's sexuality but also on the characteristics. Sterling writes," But behaviors are generally social activities, expressed in interaction with distinctly separate beings. Thus, as we move from genitalia on the outside to the invisible psyche..."(Sterling, 29). When a scientist steps out of that box of determining gender based on the physical feature it can change the perspective of how gender is viewed in society. In the same way, The Text "Baboons with Briefcases vs Langurs with Lipstick" by Susan Sperling shows how scientist should overlook physical features and DNA to determining what is gender. Sperling writes, "Other things shape behavior besides genes and Shape it in important ways for the organisms in question..."(Sperling, 250). Our behavior can say a lot about the gender we are but Sperling demonstrates that even the behavior aspect of determining gender should be furthered studied. Both of these Authors show how scientist try to construct and validify the our sexuality is already with us and it not constructed by society. When viewing how scientist makes their studies there is some type of biased and gender stereotypes connected to these
Gibson, B., & Catlin, A.J. (2011). Care of the Child with the Desire to Change Gender-Part 1.
Today healthcare cost is constantly rising. It is important to ensure that patient 's health are maintained and supported outside the clinical settings such as their homes and communities. Healthcare organizations play an important role in serving people to provide an effective health care and improve the patients ' outcome. They focus on activities and strategies to provide a high quality care for many communities. This is their way of helping people and their community healthy. Organizations have a way of improving the patient 's outcome through monitoring of patients especially those who have high medical needs.
In the past Johns Hopkins was a center for patients with a gender disorder. John Money, PhD worked in the Psycho-hormonal Group as a head. He had a very strange theory. He would apply his theory to actual patients, not knowing or expecting what would happen. The experiments he attempted on children and adult literally had no boundaries. One of well-known cases of gender identity disorder was about a boy. He was inducted into the Johns Hopkins center because of what happened during a normal ‘surgery’. The boy’s penis was accidently burnt during the circumcision. He underwent a surgery that made him have female body part. The little boy was raised as a girl. The boy raised as a girl felt as if he was a boy. When the family decided he was old enough to know they told him about what had happened during his circumcision. Once he had heard of this he decided to not be living as a female anymore. He later committed suicide. What we have learned from this experiment is that it comes with a lot of depression. Van Meter stated, “Because of the failures that began to materialize from Money’s ideology, the Psycho-hormonal group was abolished and Money was forced into retirement.” (239.) They are steps being taken to provide the best medical treatment and social environment with those who are suffering GID. I added this piece of information because I thought it was something we all show know about how the past has
Parenting may be said as an experiment, because every parent has different views and ways of raising their own children. Parents raise their child in such ways in which they believe is beneficial and healthy for the child. A story that came across media news about a baby, Storm, being raised as “genderless” fueled a controversy in defiance of gender stereotyping. The Witterick family in Canada believed that by acknowledging this practice it would, “tribute to freedom and choice in place of limitation, a standup to what the world could become in Storm’s lifetime” (Davis and James). However, in terms of raising a genderless child, this can cause the child to be unprepared to face the conventional norms or society. This practice may be causing the child a disservice.
The information acquired over the semester, whether through text or visual media, vividly brought the importance of knowing how one’s gender is identified and developed.
The cost of Medical equipment plays a significant role in the delivery of health care. The clinical engineering at Victoria Hospital is an important branch of the hospital team management that are working to strategies ways to improve quality of service and lower cost repairs of equipments. The team members from Biomedical and maintenance engineering’s roles are to ensure utilization of quality equipments such as endoscope and minimize length of repair time. All these issues are a major influence in the hospital’s project cost. For example, Victory hospital, which is located in Canada, is in the process of evaluating different options to decrease cost of its endoscope repair. This equipment is use in the endoscopy department for gastroenterological and surgical procedures. In 1993, 2,500 cases where approximately performed and extensive maintenance of the equipment where needed before and after each of those cases. Despite the appropriate care of the scope, repair requirement where still needed. The total cost of repair that year was $60,000 and the repair services where done by an original equipment manufacturers in Ontario.
Malpractice is failing to meet the standard of care listed in the APA Code of Ethics (Fisher,2017). Malpractice can cause injury to a client which is direct violation of ethical code 3.04 Avoiding Harm. Examples of malpractice include abandonment of a client, failing to follow the medical model, and practicing techniques without the proper training (Caudill,n.d).
In the scholarly journal “Gender Dysphoria in Children” the author, Michelle Cretella, writes, “Zucker believes that gender-dysphoric pre-pubertal children are best served by helping them align their gender identity with their anatomic sex” (Cretella). She refers to a well-known doctor that goes by the name of Dr. Kenneth Zucker and conveys his opinions on letting the kids who are diagnosed with the disorder realign their gender to what they believe they are. Not only will this help the child, but the child should also get proper information from their physician and should be well informed (Cretella). Bryant, the author of the article “Gender Dysphoria," writes, “the level of controversy and debate increased, partly because of the work of transgender, intersex, and gay and lesbian social movements but also because of critiques made within the medical and mental health professions both by individuals and by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transsexual (LGBT) professional organizations” (Bryant). Bryant outlines the controversy behind letting kids who are diagnosed with Gender Dysphoria, and he says the dispute derives from the doctor's opinions and the way they go