but the three main ones that I am going to explore in this report are Warfarin, Enoxaparin and Apixaban. Warfarin is the main anticoagulant used in the UK and it works by intervening with the production of vitamin K. This essential vitamin is used in the clotting process and it works by acting on the proteins that form part of the clotting process in your body. Warfarin has a narrow therapeutic window so a lot of dosages of warfarin are needed and this makes dosing problematic. So usually half a milligram
Fibrillation. For a long period of time warfarin was the only oral anticoagulant available in the US for patients with atrial fibrillation to prevent stroke events. Recently a new oral anticoagulants, including apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban have been developed and became available in the US for the stoke prevention and systemic embolism for patients with atrial fibrillation. Now, when all three new anticoagulants are available as an alternative to warfarin for the same indication, they make the
with vitamin K antagonists (warfarin) due to persistent risk of thrombosis and stroke. Warfarin has a narrow therapeutic window and requires frequent monitoring such as international normalized ratio (INR) and restrictions on food, drugs and alcohol. Due to limitations of warfarin many patients prefer bioprosthetic valve replacement rather than a mechanical valve, despite the risk of premature valve failure and repeated valve replacement surgery with bioprosthesis.1 Warfarin works by inhibiting coagulation
Coumadin, whose generic name is Warfarin, and is manufactured by Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, is an anticoagulant medication. It is more commonly known as a “blood thinner”; however it does not actually thin the blood. An anticoagulant helps your body control how fast your blood clots and it prevents clots from forming during certain medical conditions. Medications such as Coumadin may prevent an already present clot from getting any larger and may also prevent a piece of the clot from breaking
heart therefore stopping AF’s from being uncontrolled.3, 12 Other oral anticoagulants have recently been released to market with Rivaroxaban and Apixaban, showing similar effects as Warfarin for stroke prevention.6 They have a quick onset of action, no need for monitoring and less food/drug interactions compared with Warfarin.6 Monitoring: Monitoring is essential for diagnosis of AF. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is the first step conducted and can detect any sinus rhythm problems.13 ECG monitoring is
thinners you can take to for thrombosis. In the hospital, your doctor may give you heparin at first by needle into your vein or as a shot. You may also take warfarin (Coumadin) by pill once a day starting while you’re still on heparin, and then usually for 3-6 months or more. Newer anti-clotting medicines known as Xa inhibitors, work as well as warfarin for most people.
your heart muscle and could cause the patient to have a heart attack. This blockage can also block blood flow to your brain, causing a patient to have a stroke. There are several types of anticoagulants like warfarin and heparin. Certain labs such as INR and PT have to be done before warfarin is given and the PTT must be checked also before giving heparin. It’s important to know this because if a patient is already bleeding, you should not give anticoagulants because the patient will further bleed
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) will happen when a thrombus (blood clot) forms in the deep veins in your body. The most common place of occurrence is the legs but can occur in other areas of the body. DVT may cause leg pain and/or swelling, but can occur without any signs or symptoms. Other signs and symptoms include; shortness of breath, rapid pulse, sweating, sharp chest pain, coughing up blood, and fainting.(mayo clinic) In the United States alone 600,000 new cases are diagnosed each year. It has
1.1 DRUG INTRODUCTION Antiplatelet drug are used to treat heart disease. They are powerful medications that prevent the formation of blood clots. When you are wounded, platelets arrive on the scene and group together, forming a blood clot that stops the bleeding. When an injury involves a break in your skin, this is a good thing. But platelets can also aggregate when injury to a blood vessel occurs from within the inside, as may happen in an artery affected by atherosclerosis. In this situation
optimal therapeutic range within which the patient is provided some degree of protection from thromboembolic events. It is estimated that in the UK, there are approximately 1.25 million people currently prescribed oral anticoagulant drugs 2, with warfarin being the most commonly used worldwide. Currently there are four oral anticoagulants
Alings M, Xavier D, Zhu J, Diaz R, Lewis BS, Darius H, Diener HC, Joyner CD.. (2009). Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation.. New England Journal Of Medicine. 361 (12), 1139-51. (15)Patel M, Mahaffey K, Garg J, Pan G, Singer D, Hacke W, Breithardt G, Halperin J, Hankey G, Piccini J, Becker R, Nessel C, Paolini J, Berkowitz S, Fox K.. (2011). Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.. New England Journal Of Medicine. 365 (10), 883-91.
conclude that “Pradaxa has favorable benefit to risk profile and does not require changes to the current label or recommendations for use. Patients should not stop taking Pradaxa (or warfarin) without first talking with their health care professionals. Stopping the use of blood-thinning medications such as Pradaxa and warfarin can increase the risk of stroke and
Patient Safety Assignment: Medication errors Patient safety is described as “"freedom from accidental injury; ensuring patient safety involves the establishment of operational systems and process that minimize the likelihood of errors and maximizes the likelihood of intercepting them when they occur"(Kohn et al., 2000, p. 211). Throughout this essay I will discuss the patient safety problem of medication errors and the policies that have been put in place to ensure patient safety. The problems linked
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the concept of Perfusion. Perfusion refers to the flow of blood through arteries and capillaries delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells and removing cellular waste products. Perfusion is a normal physiologic process that requires the heart to generate adequate cardiac output to transport blood through blood vessels for distribution in the tissues throughout the body. The essential function of the cardiovascular system and pulmonary systems is to provide
Cerebrovascular accident, or stroke, is the third leading reason for death in the United States and the number one cause of disability, with 3 million people permanently disabled as a result of stroke (Schonbeck, 2012). A cerebrovascular accident occurs when there is death of brain cells due to oxygen deprivation; in addition there is the loss of nutrients to the blood supply to the brain being diminished both a result of either a rupture, or blockage of an artery to the brain (Schonbeck, 2012).
part of tumor, or other tissue travels to lungs and causes ... ... middle of paper ... ... you should take baby aspirin (81 mg). The earlier a patient takes preventative measures the less a patient has to worry about taking other medication such Warfarin which have many adverse side effects such as excessive bleeding. Patients need to continuously check legs for any signs and symptoms of DVT. Works Cited Hess Dean R., M. N. (2012). Respiratory Care: Principles and Practice 12th Edition. Sudbury
One must understand that patients who are prescribed warfarin are at a high risk of bleeding. According to Sanderson et al. (2009) “many patients were unable to link known risk factors as contributing” to DVT to their therapist (p. 25). Although patients are admitted for major lower extremity surgeries, some of these patients also have chronic diseases, such as cerebral vascular accident (CVA), coronary artery disease, diabetes, cardiac, renal disease, and obesity and might take a complex medication
Teratogens Teratogens was a term that I learned in lesson 2.02. A teratogen “is a name given to any chemical, disease, or other environmental factor that can harm a developing embryo or fetus”. It can have major negative effects on the baby because it is constantly developing and can affect its organs and external appearance. For example, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or FAS is considered to be teratogen. The way this applies to my life is because I have always and still do find interest in a child's
I enjoyed taking this class. I did not know what to expect at first, but this class has proven to be challenging and very informative. I have learned a lot about the pharmacological principle of different drugs, which I will use in my practice as a family nurse practitioner. Each week we were given different case study, which we had to find a differential diagnosis based on our patient’s sign and symptoms and also choose the correct pharmacological agent to treat our patient. This was a time-consuming
in fibrillation you run the risk of developing blood clots. Warfarin is a common blood thinner, but you have to have regular blood tests since it is such a powerful drug and the side effects need to be monitored. There have also been some other newer medications used to prevent blood clots. Most of these though are said not to be used if you have a mechanical heart value. Dabigatran is the first one, and it is as powerful the Warfarin, but doesn’t require you to have routine blood testing. Rivaroxaban