Dna Sequencing Lab Report

DNA sequencing is a way of identifying genes based on their DNA sequences. It is important when comparing base sequences of different organisms to determine the relationship between them. Polymerase chain reaction its the process of making several copies of DNA. When picking a sequence of DNA to copy, it is important to choose something universal that way the sequences can be accurately compared. A good choice is the Cytochrome Oxidase Gene found in the mitochondria. It is found in almost all living organisms because COI helps make ATP and living things need energy to live. The sequencing of COI can lead to major leaps in biotechnology in the area of identifying unknown species on a regular and consistent basis.

INTRODUCTION: All living organisms

Approximately 7 bands appeared in the constructed gel. When comparing the products to the DNA ladder, the size was not that great (Picture 1). The phylogenetic tree that was constructed was produced successfully. It put the human DNA closest related to chimpanzee DNA and furthest related to shrimp. The organisms that fell into the out group were the shrimp and the fly (Picture 2). The reason for those two organisms being the out group is that they lack the characteristics of a mammal. When discussing the impact of DNA, mammals are the more dominant of species. The in-group shared the characteristics of mammals and vertebrates. The organism closest related to human DNA was the chimpanzee when looking at the phylogeny

This can lead to the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms. The future vision for biotechnology and DNA sequencing is the production of a taxonomic GPS that is linked to a reference database. This would allow genome screening by non-specialists and would greatly reduce costs of gene screening. The Cytochrome Oxidase I gene is an ideal gene for barcoding because it is universal in many eukaryotes. The COI gene makes ATP in the mitochondria and all organisms need energy so that is why it is so universal. Lines Wilson-Wilde, Janette Norman, James Robertson, Stephen Sarre, and Arthur Georges have an article about how COI is used for species identification. The Barcode of Life Initiative sequences a section of DNA for the COI gene in all living species and the data is uploaded to their database. Once they obtain enough sequences from species the goal is to be able to routinely identify unknown species. They came to the conclusion that the analysis of the COI gene could be useful but it was recommended that many more markers were available to provide deeper information between