Running Head: ELECTROPHORESIS AND DNA SEQUENCING 1
ELECTROPHORESIS AND DNA SEQUENCING 4
Electrophoresis and DNA Sequencing
Ailee Stapleton
Copiah Academy
Electrophoresis and DNA Sequencing Many things have impacted both the Science and Medical fields of study. Electrophoresis and DNA Sequencing are two of these things. Together they have simultaneously impacted both of these fields. On one hand, there is Electrophoresis. Electrophoresis is a specific method of separating molecules by their size through the application of an electric field. It causes molecules to migrate at a rate and distance dependent on their size. On the other hand, there is DNA Sequencing. DNA Sequencing is a technique used to determine the exact sequence of bases
…show more content…
During this time, it could only be used in a lab with semi-intense supervision. Now, fast forward a few decades and there are D.I.Y. at home kits. The process of Electrophoresis starts with an electric current being run through a gel containing the molecules of interest. The molecules will then travel through the gel in different directions and speeds, based on their size and charge, allowing them to be separated from each other. Dyes, fluorescent tags, and radioactive labels can all enable the molecules on the gel to be seen after they have been separated. Because of these identification markers, they appear as a band across the top of the gel. Electrophoresis can be used for many different things. It is used to identify and study DNA or DNA fragments, and helps us to better understand the molecular components of both living and deceased organisms. Electrophoresis can also be used to test for genes related to specific diseases and life altering diagnoses such as Multiple Sclerosis, Down’s Syndrome, kidney disease, and some types of cancer. Electrophoresis also plays a major role in the testing of antibiotics. It can be used to determine the purity and concentration of one specific type of antibiotic or several general antibiotics at a time. Electrophoresis is also extremely useful in the creation and testing of
It helps medics to find a direct genetic cause of the patient’s condition and target it with pharmaceutical or other therapies. The technology is used for the identification of DNA sequences that increase risks of current diseases and disorders; with this information carriers can start to make efforts to prevent them before the development of the problem. The video mentioned 200 actionable genes, structures that have direct links with a specific condition. Knowing about their presence, people have a chance to bring in preventive measures like taking anticoagulants in the case of identification of a thrombogenic gene. The technology led to the significant improvement of diagnostics and personalized treatments. It helped to find a rare, life-threatening mutation in case of Beery twins and assign a drug to a girl (Alexis) that returned her to a normal life. In the case of cancer genome sequencing led to the development of genetic drags, which target essential tumor genes and make malign structures to shrink. The video mentioned a product that works with the BRАF protein that induces cells to uncontrolled division; the drug led to the remission in the patient with metastasizing melanoma. Such treatment was effective in the case of cystic fibrosis. In the case of the breast cancer the technology helps to evaluate the aggressiveness of the condition and make a personalized decision about chemotherapy. The video also mentioned the pre-implantation genetic diagnosis – an early-staged technology that prevents the development of inherited disorders in
electrophoresis. The way the PCR method works is by first mixing a solution containing the
PCR duplicates and increases the quantity of a DNA strand, which is beneficial to forensic scientists who are faced with little quantity of materials (Saferstein 394). The introduction of PCR-based testing in DNA analysis required scientists to switch to smaller targets that had the same repetitive variation (Jones). This is how short tandem repeats, the newest method of DNA typing, evolved. In 1989 the National Research Council Committee on DNA Technology in Forensic Science was developed due to numerous scientific and legal issues (The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence).
DNA in forensic science has been around for a long time. DNA has had help in solving almost every crime committed. There have been a lot of crimes where people are raped or murdered and the person who did it runs free. Scientists can collect the littlest item they see at the scene, such as a cigarette butt or coffee cup and check it for DNA. People have spent years in jail for a crime they didn’t commit till DNA testing came into effect. People are getting out of jail after 20 years for a crime they didn’t commit, cause of the DNA testing. DNA has helped medical researchers develop vaccines for disease causing microbe. DNA has become a standard tool of forensics in many murders and rapes.
DNA profiling is used in a variety of ways, such as establishing proof of paternity, or identifying siblings. While DNA contains material common to all humans, some portions are unique to each individual; thus, DNA testing can help solve crimes by comparing the DNA profiles of suspects to offender samples.
Chromatography and electrophoresis are used for many wonderful processes that take place in labs. Chromatography and electrophoresis are separation techniques employed by chemists. Chemists execute multiple chemical tasks daily therefore they must find the most efficient ways to carry out these functions. Even though electrophoresis has some benefits, Chromatography is more useful than electrophoresis because it is more versatile and can be widely used in research; chromatography should be used more than electrophoresis in scientific research because it is more effective in a lab setting and can be used in more fields.
LAB REPORT 1st Experiment done in class Introduction: Agarose gel electrophoresis separates molecules by their size, shape, and charge. Biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins, are some examples. Buffered samples such as glycerol and glucose are loaded into a gel. An electrical current is placed across the gel.
DNA analysis has come a long way since the beginning of any type of testing. Before DNA analysis became was used, or even used a widely as it is now, it was harder for law enforcement agencies to identify suspects of crimes. Now DNA analysis testing can determine the DNA of an individual, or a family member. DNA analysis is the process in which genetic sequences are studied. There are several different ways to analyze forensic DNA. This has had a great influence on the accuracy and reliability of DNA profiling that is used so commonly today by law enforcement and medical practitioners. So as the years have passed they have become precise with the results. They have became so good that some would say that they are too good. The analysis of
As seen on many crime shows and at real-life crime scenes, it is necessary to be able to identify DNA. Most of the time, this is done using a technique known as gel electrophoresis. Gel electrophoresis is a method used to separate the macromolecules that make up nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, along with proteins. Gel electrophoresis is significant because it has given scientists insight on what cells cause certain diseases and has led to advancements in DNA and fingerprint identification. My experiment will use gel electrophoresis to compare samples of natural and synthetic food dyes. The background for this experiment broaches the following subjects: inventors, real-world uses, necessary components, separation, and information on food dyes.
Leboffe, M. J., & Pierce, B. E. (2010). Microbiology: Laboratory Theory and Application, Third Edition 3rd Edition (3rd Ed.). Morton Publishing
Enzymes are generated by a living organism that behaves as a catalyst to carry out a clear biochemical reaction. Enzymes increases the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the free energy barrier that separates the reactants and products.Enzymes are the tools of nature and they help in breaking down our food. They speed up all necessary biological activities. The enzymes in the stomach, as an example make certain that food is break down into smaller fleck that can be transformed into energy in the body. Wherever a substance needs to be converted into any other substance, nature put to use the enzymes to increase the speed of the process.
The scientific and medical progress of DNA as been emense, from involving the identification of our genes that trigger major diseases or the creation and manufacture of drugs to treat these diseases. DNA has many significant uses to society, health and culture of today. One important area of DNA research is that used for genetic and medical research. Our abi...
In the 1970's, scientists discovered that strands of DNA could be cut using special enzymes, which could cut out genetic combinations. DNA contains information about genes particular organisms hold. Duplicates of genes are also possible through genetic engineering and are very useful for medical purposes. Advances in technology have raised issues such as animal and human cloning. These issues have caused many different sided arguments.
Biology today is used in various forms and ways, biology is all around us and in us. One of the areas in which biology is very helpful, is DNA forensics. DNA in forensic science is used to gather information and evidence for use in the court of law. DNA blood profile evidence can be collected through numerous ways like saliva, semen, blood, urine, feces, hair, teeth, bone, cells and tissue. DNA evidence can be collected from many items, examples are such as a mask, gloves, shoes, clothes, bedding, fingernails, cups, bottles, cigarettes, weapons and much more. DNA forensics is always advancing, allowing scientists to collect DNA samples from smaller and smaller biological samples. One example of this is when scientists test for skin cells, forensics can literally get a DNA profile from something that was just touched by the potential suspect. This type of evidence is called Touch DNA. The DNA samples taken from crime scenes are then compared to DNA samples taken from the potential suspects, DNA from suspects are usually taken from swabbing the inside of the suspect 's cheek. It is very important that biological evidence be properly collected and stored for preservation, as it can be easily ruined.
For example such as medicine, it can be sometime possible to reading DNA sequences and find out how some diseases occur. It can sometimes be possible to fight some infectious diseases or any form of disease by changing the DNA codons which cause most of these problems.