What is the waterfall model?
A waterfall model is a model that organisations use to help them complete their projects in a more organised and structured way, like a guide. The waterfall model has five stages the organisation has to follow in an order, they are: requirements, design, implementation, verification and maintenance. The first stage (requirements) is when the organisation has to know what the requirements will be when creating the system, what do they need and when do they need it. During the design phase the organisation would need to first draw out some sketches of how the system would look like, the interface and the DFD (data flow diagram). They would need choose the final design so they could move on to the next stage, implementation. This is when you create the system, you use the design you created previously to help you as a guide to complete this stage. The next stage is verification, this is when you verify if the system you created is suitable for the organisation, is it reliable, is it easy to use, those sorts of things. You can verify the system by creating a survey to see what if the system is good enough. The last stage is maintenance, this is happens after you published the system, you need to maintain it by making updates and fixing errors.
Why do people use a waterfall model?
Many organisations use a waterfall because it will be easier for them to then create their own system, the waterfall model is like a guide for them, and it shows them the stages they have to go through in order to create a good system. It will save the organisation a lot of time because they don’t need to research on what they’re supposed to do next and how to do it, maybe they will skip a stage and don’t even know...
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...advantage of v-model is that it is simple and easy to use and it works very well with small projects. The disadvantage is that it is not that flexible meaning you cannot modify it any further.
DFD (Data Flow Diagram)
The system analyst will use a data flow diagram to design the system. The DFD shows how the system works and what processes it has, so for example a GP would have the patient as an entity and the process would be application form. The advantages of DFD is that it makes it easier to understand the system by displaying a graphical view of it. You can see the boundaries of the system, what the communication and the links are of the system. The disadvantages of DFD is that because there are different type of symbols that represents something, it might be kind of hard to understand what it’s about if you don’t know what the symbol means.
I believe it all comes down to efficiency (reducing the amount of moving parts and keeping up with the latest technology to name a few). The article states how the government is always behind and having worked as a government contractor I completely agree. The government continues to use the “waterfall method” which is an outdated technique of completing a project. This process has since been replaced by a much more efficient method called “Agile”. The biggest difference between the two is communication. The waterfall method reveals and allows changes to be made to the project when it is fully completed. Agile shows the customer progress in weekly chunks allowing changes to be easily made. Making assumptions and taking the easy route by completing something blindly often waists time and money. Going back and changing something that doesn’t work
Workflow is a series of sequencial steps that take place, creating a process to complete a task. The process, generally speaking, involves two or more individuals and creates or adds value to an organization. Workflows are a standardization of work that takes into account quality, productivity, cost, safety and moral depending on the type of process flow (Liker & Meier, 2006). Workflow analysis includes observation and documentation of the process to better understand the current state. Viewing the current state, one can then begin to analyse the process, looking for opportunites of redesign, waste, and value added activities (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2012). “The focus in any process is always on creating
Tabular Collection Diagram shows the process of the system, so it helps identify risks or problems in a system early on. Tabular Collection Diagram put requirements to the test and enables you to see if more requirements are desirable. A brilliant method to discover problem’s in the earlier stages of development.
They are both very powerful tools for team skill building. When team members can identify with the models and learn to move through each stage successfully, it can set organizational standards to new highs. Every business professional should want to keep a copy of these models on his desk because of the growing dependence of teams in organizations. After all, no one wants to be on the losing team. The ineffective team gives no pleasure or feeling of accomplishment to anyone involved!
A major component of clinical decision support system is it helps locate and prevent errors made by many providers. Other components of a clinical decision- support system are speed- this can make or break at system, it is very annoying if you have to set and wait for the system to perform a simple function as looking up information, the need and delivery of real time- if there is lag time and the information needed doesn’t appear in seconds it can pose as the system is not performing up to par, fit of the users work –flow- the alerts, guidelines, and algorithms need to be in place so there are no confusions when a users are dispersing medications, usability- this makes a tremendous difference in how a system performs many clinician want to be able to use a computer system with ease, if the system is to complicated it can appear as not user friendly, being aware that there will be resistances from the provider- offend many providers will give pushback on changing there mind without input as to way a change is required; for example should x-rays be taking on all patients with abdomen pain, approximately five percent of physician actually went with the recommendation of not ordering x-rays on patie...
If there was a problem in a hierarchical structure it would move up through the structure again from one person to another until it gets to where it is supported to be. Strengths of a Hierarchical structure In a hierarchical structure there is a close control of workers. Workers in ASDA will know exactly what they have to do so they don’t wait around until they are told what they have to
DSS facilitate enhanced interpersonal communication among those responsible for decision making. Communication-Driven Decision Support Systems and Group Decision Support Systems lead in more lubricated communication process and sharing of information. Moreover, Model-Based Decision Support systems offer a platform for sharing certain facts and suppositions regarding the decision making process. At Amazon.com Data-driven Decision make certain information about the company available to managers to make it easy for them to make decisions that ens...
A software development methodology defines the activities to be undertaken by each individual in the development process, specific techniques for accomplishing those activities, like using a flowchart to document the program logic of a particular software. It also offers guidelines to manage the quality of software at various stages of development.
The purpose behind the systems framework is to gather better insight on basic principles, offers logical feedbacks to productions inputs as well as outputs, and provides common-sense planning of various mechanisms (Shi & Singh, 2017). Four systematically arranged elements such as system inputs (resources), system structure, system processes and system outputs (outcomes) make up this framework.
Analysis consists of compiling data that consists of who is going to use the system, what data will be needed to be put into the system, what data will be needed out of the system, and what it needs to do for the institution. In my hospital at this step, our Information Technology (IT) department and some middle management were involved along with NI. Nursing should be more involved here since they are going to be the primary users....
Given the time, it takes to develop large sophisticated software systems it not possible to define the problem and build the solution in a single step. Requirements will often change throughout a projects development, due to architectural constraints, customer’s needs or a greater understanding of the original problem. Iteration allows greater understanding of a project through successive refinements and addresses a projects highest risk items at every stage of its lifecycle. Ideally each iteration ends up with an executable release – this helps reduce a projects risk profile, allows greater customer feedback and help developers stay focused.
The Function Block Diagram (FBD) is a graphical language in PLC which describes the function between the input output variables. FBD is in the form of elementary blocks and number of blocks are connected together to form a logic using connection lines or links.
There are different types of UML diagrams. Each UML diagram is designed to let developers and customers view a software system from a different perspective and in varying degrees of abstraction. UML diagrams commonly created in visual modeling tools include: use case diagram which displays the relationship among actors and use cases. Class case diagram models class structure and contents using design elements such as classes, packages and objects. It also displays relationships such as containment, inheritance, associations and others. Sequence diagram displays the time sequence of the objects participation in the interaction. This consists of the vertical dimension (time) and horizontal dimension (different objects). Collaboration diagram displays an interaction organized around the objects and their links to one another. Numbers are used to show the sequence of messages. State diagram displays the sequences of states that an object of an interaction goes through during its life response to received stimuli, together with its response and actions. Activity diagram displays a special state diagram where most of the states are action states and most of the transitions are triggered by completion of the actions in the source states. This diagram focuses on flows driven by internal processing.
Within the analysis phase a set of goals are needed within the domain. From this there are three perspectives which are taken; the object model the Ronald LeRoi Burback (1998) states “dynamic model, and a functional model. The object model represents the artifacts of the system. The dynamic model represents the interaction between these artifacts represented as events, states, and transitions. The functional model represents the methods of the system from the perspective of data flow.” After the analysis phase the system design phase takes place. Here the system is sub-categorized and appointed tasks and persistent data storage is established, also within this phase the architecture is formed. Lastly the object design phase starts and is where the implementation plan is established and algorithms and object classes are also
In the case of Ferris Healthcare Inc. it was not a big issue as the three models they created were similar. Creating a single methodology for a company is a complex process that must be developed according to the culture of the organization, their project management maturity, and following specific steps: organizing, planning, and managing (Kerzner, 2010. Pages 154-156). For Ferris, it was actually mandatory to develop a single methodology showing guidelines to proceed as they needed an easy to follow procedures to adapt in their new project management implementation, considering their inexperienced executives, line manager, project managers, and line