Introduction
Domain Animalia
Kingdom Nematoda
Phylum Rhabditea
Class Spirurida
Order Filariodea
Family Onchocercidae
Genus Onchocerca
Species Volvulus
Tropical Diseases are diseases that are found widely spread in tropical and subtropical regions all around the world. The most common disease carriers are mosquitos and flies as they may carry a parasite, bacterium or virus that is infectious to humans and animals. Onchocerciasis, found in Ethiopia, is transmitted by the Simulium blackfly (Figure 2) which is bred in fast flowing streams and rivers. It ranks as one of the world’s most formidable infectious diseases, yet is not widely known. The taxonomy of the small microfilariae can be seen in (Figure 3) as it shows the parasite’s classifications. This parasite is endemic in many African countries, including Ethiopia, as most of the country lack access to clean water and sanitation.
Life Cycle
The passing of the disease, Onchocerciasis, is in a cycle (Figure 4); as the disease is transmitted through the bites of a Simulium blackfly. The disease is not genetic with the blackfly, but once a female blackfly bites a person infected with Onchocerciasis, during a blood meal, the insect becomes infected with the disease as microfilariae are transferred from the human to the fly. Over one to three weeks, the microfilariae develop inside the blackfly to form infective first stage larvae, and then subsequently into third stage larvae, which then migrate to the blackflies proboscis. Once the larvae have migrated the fly can infect another human when it takes a blood meal.
During a blood meal the third stage larvae is transmitted from the blackflies’ proboscis to the skin of its new human host where they penetrate into the bite wounds. O...
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community based postings that took us to a low income, minority, medically underserved community of Ilie, Osun state, Southwestern Nigeria, where I became impressed with the significant improvement in health indices: infant/maternal mortality, infectious diseases, and helminthiasis control etc. These achievements were largely due to various health enlightenment campaigns and advocacy sessions through the communities’ active participation on the need to imbibe: good personal and environmental sanitation, regular
Introduction: Onchocerciasis is a disease of public health and socio-economic importance in Ethiopia. Onchocerciasis, commonly known as “river blindness” is caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus it is transmitted to humans by a bite from infected black flies. Worm larvae that are transmitted develop into adults and settle into the fibrous nodules on the human body and produce microfilariae. Prolonged infection to the parasitic worm can lead to blindness and depigmentation of the skin.
problems they cause or diseases they carry. Some of these parasites can prove fatal unless treated, and if they are not treated carefully, they could still complicate an individual’s health. This paper also includes the places these parasites thrive and as to how to treat these parasites. Although most of these parasites are treatable, the treatment required is completely dependent upon what stage the parasites have progressed to. Some parasites are accompanied by a disease and are therefore not the
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