1 Introduction
In the past, the company performance was measured by asking ‘how much money the company makes?’ To a certain extent, they are right because gross revenue, profitability, return on capital, etc. are the results that companies must bring to survive. Unfortunately, in today business if the management focuses only on the financial health of the company, numerous unwanted consequences may arise.
With the dramatic changes of business environment, the traditional measure that focuses on minimising production costs is no longer well-matched (Hall, 1980). As a result, contemporary performance measurement which adopts both financial and non-financial has been developed in prior to business strategies.
2 Traditional Performance Measurement
Traditional performance measurement designs system of measures that mostly are cost-efficiency-oriented and are measured only in financial terms. This system does not provide non-financial measures that are also link to the organization’s business strategy. The application of this system is basically suitable for mass production companies with the purpose of minimizing cost.
The factors, such as global competition, technology improvement and the economic growth force the company to modify its performance measurement system. By only evaluating the performance from accounting information and putting aside the performance process, the manager’s responsibility to increase the value of company cannot be done. Large scale of the business requires the process-oriented measurement, which is suitable for mass customization manufactures, rather than result-oriented.
By 1980s, the use of traditional performance measurement was perceived insufficient to help the managers maintain the company ...
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...ement systems which combines both financial and non-financial measures which are considered more appropriate with the growing market. For instance, the two well-known performance measurements used by wide range of companies: Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and Performance Prism.
However, BSC is not a template that can be applied to businesses in general. In this circumstances, different market situations, product strategies, and competitive environments need different scorecards. The businesses must devise customized scorecards to fit their vision, mission, strategies, technology, as well as their culture. On the other hand, the Performance Prism is an alternative for the BSC which is worth considering for companies looking for a system to measure and manage their performance. Based on a stakeholder approach, it is more flexible and more integrative than other systems.
The "balanced scorecard is a model and performance tool used to monitor financial and quality performance" (Pane, 2011) and "translates mission and strategy into outcomes and
There are many ways to analyze the performance of a company, some more popular than others. According to the Barney text the accounting method is the most popular way of measuring a firm's performance (Barney, 2002). Some of the reasons for the popularity could include the fact that accounting measures of performance are publicly available on many firms and they communicate a great deal of information about a firm's operations. Other methods of performance analysis include firm survival and the multiple stakeholder approach.
Since the beginning of time, companies are striving and working very hard, under a lot of stress, in order to survive and overcome the challenges they face day in and day out. For Managers, it can become even more challenging to execute tasks or make the most effective decisions for their teams as the competition increases. It requires the development of excellent business strategies and effective operations to deliver exceptional products and services. An original framework created by Drs. Robert Kaplan (Harvard Business School) and David Norton has helped managers and executives achieve a more 'balanced' view of organizational performance with the Balanced Scorecard. “The balanced scorecard is a strategic planning and management system that is used extensively in business and industry, government, and nonprofit organizations worldwide to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization, improve internal and external communications, and monitor organization performance against strategic goals.”
Tapinos, E., Dyson, R.G. & Meadows, M. (2005). The impact of performance measurement in strategic planning. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 54(5/6), 370-384.
Balanced Scorecard The balanced scorecard (BSC) is a strategy used in organizations to determine their performance measures (Meredith & Shafer, 2016). The BSC provides knowledge into four perspectives of an organization; financial performance, customer performance, internal business process performance, and organizational learning and growth (Meredith & Shafer, 2016). There are many elements of the BSC, including the strategy map which displays the cause and effect relationships between the four perspectives to achieve a specific organizational goal (Meredith & Shafer, 2016).
Performance measures, or quality indicators, are metrics based on objective data that allow one to assess whether a system is achieving an intended goal. A requisite of metrics will need to be established to maintain ongoing efforts to show variable
BSC Success Using the balanced scorecard approach Veolia was able to implement a system designed to help translate organizational strategy into something employees could understand and use. The purpose of the scorecard is to design to boost organizational performance, break down communication barriers between business units and departments, increase focus on strategy and results, budget and prioritize time and resources more effectively, and help the company better understand and react to customer needs. Veolia started in one area of the company, first with implementing the scorecard approach and then once it was successful there moved to another department. Veolia developed a training platform so employees would understand the balance scorecard approach. The training was online and kept short.
Metrics are very important in Operations Management within an organization because it provides functions such as control, reporting, communication, opportunities for improvement and expectations. It is a certifiable measure stated in either quantitative or qualitative terms types of measurements. In addition, metrics has different types of categories in the organizations. One of which is “Organizational Focus”, that have four different types of level within the organization or firm. 1. Organizational Metrics – this type of measure, capture and describe the performance of an organization (i.e.…market share and rate of return). 2. Product Metric – it measures cost per unit, contribution margin per unit, or growth in sales.
‘If you can’t measure it, you can’t management it’, [Dan vesset and Brian, M. 2009]. Performance management is concerned with the measurement of results and with studying progress to achieving objectives base on the results. Managing performance can tell you what you’re doing well in, and also reveal areas where you need to make adjustments. Measuring performance tells you how far you’ve gone achieving your ultimate
Ferreira, A., & Otley, D. (2009). The design and use of performance management systems: an extended framework for analysis. Management Accounting Research, 20(4), 263-282
A Balanced Scorecard can be defined as a “performance management tool which began as a concept for measuring whether the smaller-scale operational activities of a company are aligned with its larger-scale objectives in terms of vision and strategy” (Wikipedia 2009, ¶ 1). Scents & Things will need to develop a balanced scorecard that will assist in meeting and help define the company’s values, mission, vision, and SWOT analysis. The balance scorecard is made up of four perspectives; financial, customer, learning and growing, and internal process. This paper will define each of the four perspectives objectives, performance measures, targets, and initiatives. The paper will also show how the perspectives relate to Scents & Things vision, mission, values, and SWOTT analysis.
Performance management is a management tool used to value, monitor and measure a company’s strategies that ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of its product delivery. This management tool does not focus on the organisation and on its employees as well as stakeholders. It is a continuous process that entails that managers make sure that organisational and employee values are corresponding (Aguinis, 2005,p.1/2-1/5). Performance Management brings about the competencies in the employees, increases self-esteem by giving feedback to employees, there is a low number of lawsuits because it helps understand the company better (eThekwini Municipality, 2008,p.10-11). According to Pride, Hughes and Kapoor (2011, p.288) performance management creates motivation for employees; one theory of motivation is of Expectancy, which stipulates that employees satisfaction is driven by expectations of what an organisation will offer in return.
Our book defines performing management as what leader do. It is the systematic integration of inorganization’s efforts to achieve its objectives. (Shafritz, 298). In other words, Performance management is an approach to measure and judge the performance of employees in any organization. performance management concept is used to measure both individual and group performance. The importance of performance management for any business is that it will help in monitoring the employees and also helps in improving their efficiency at work. It fills the gap between incapability of employees at work place and expected outcome from those employees. An organization with effective performance management will gain more employee satisfaction and growth.
Establishing metrics is crucial to any organization, especially in technology related company projects. Metrics can be defined as a system of parameters or ways of quantitative and periodic assess of a process that is to be measured, along with procedures to carry out such measurement and the procedures for the interpretation of the assessment in the light of previous or comparable assessments. The results of the metrics can be used to record trends, efficiency, capital, and etcetera. Metrics permit organizations to measure its performance against industry sectors to determine how well the company is doing. Metrics allow organizations to optimize its productivity.
The relevant perspective of balance scorecard (BSC) that affected in this case would be internal business practice.