their diet. Dental formula of a koala bear: Incisors 3/1; Incisors 1/0; Pre Molars 1/1; Molars 4/4. This adds up to a total number of 30 teeth. The koala has a space between its incisors and premolars for leaves to be stored until they are ready to be processed by the premolars and molars. The molars and premolars grind the leaves until it forms a paste. This makes it easier for the food to be digested. The koala's teeth are highly specialized and are a fundamental part of the digestive process. The
There are at least 145 living species of the suborder Anthropoidea . Over 90% of them are monkeys. The remaining species are apes and humans. The anthropoids (members of the suborder Anthropoidea) have been the most successful primates in populating the earth. They are generally larger, more intelligent, and have more highly developed eyes than the prosimians. There are two distinct infraorders of Anthropoidea that have been evolving independent of each other for at least 30,000,000 years. They
The Evolution of a Horse Throughout history, humans have depended on the horse. Horses have contributed to the growth of humankind as transportation, farm workers, and battle steeds. They have been trained to support humans in many ways. When did this relationship begin? At what point did the horse become a vital part of human society? Exploring the evolution of the horse can help to answer these questions. A mammal with hooves that have an odd number of toes on the rear feet are known as odd-toed
INTRODUCTION During restoration of an affected tooth, if any margins between the composite restoration and tooth of concern are open, micro-leakage can occur1. Micro-leakage is a phenomenon in dentistry resulting from imperfect bonding that allows the movement of bacteria and fluids between the restoration and tooth of interest2. When a composite restoration is placed and undergoes polymerization through curing, shrinkage occurs. Research has shown that the percent of gaps between composite restorations
Comparing the digestive systems of Animals Sophie Gaft (11) Biology Question 1: A Choose one animal from the list of carnivorous animals and one from the list of herbivorous animals. Compare the structural differences between the two digestive systems. Comparison of a rabbit and cat’s digestive system. Rabbit (Lepus curpaeums): Unlike a cat, a rabbit eats a wide variety of plant material. They can process and extract nutrients from many plants that are otherwise indigestible from other herbivores
Inferring Dentition and Diet in Extinct Great Apes by Looking at Extant Great Apes INTRODUCTION Knowing the diet of extant primate taxon opens up the possibility of predicting a good deal about its morphology and natural history. Morphology and natural history of extant primates is also important in making accurate inferences regarding their dentition and diet. However, when it comes to extinct primate taxon making dentition and dietary inferences are challenging and the evidence available
Introduction Endodontics The aim of endodontic procedures is to get rid of the infection and of the periapical tissue Endodontic modalities include non-surgical root canal treatments such as primary root canal treatment, secondary root canal treatment (retreatments) and surgical periradicular treatments. Non-surgical root canal treatment aim to eradicate the bacteria in all the root canals. This can be achieved by removal of the infected pulp tissue, mechanical shaping, disinfecting the canals
INTRODUCTION The order Lagomorpha consists of two extant families: Leporidae (hares and rabbits) and Ochotonidae (pikas) and several extinct families. The purpose of this paper is to identify the characterize biogeographical migration patterns of Lagomorphs and why. The natural geographical distribution today of the lagomorphs is found throughout Europe, Asia and North America. Figure 1 is an illustration depicting the various time periods as well as the number of million years ago (Mckenna 1997)
Development of Dentition Humans have two dentitions in their lifetime, i.e. the primary (deciduous) and secondary (permanent). Each dentition consists of teeth with different shapes, sizes and functions. The classes of teeth developed throughout our life span are: • Incisiform (incisors) - Incisors are the pair of eight teeth directly situated in the front and center of our mouth, i.e. four in each upper and lower jaw. These single-rooted teeth are extremely important since they all have sharp edges
Dental Higenetist 27. Stain at the tooth gingival margin is cause by? Chromogenic bacteria 1. What age is dental fluorosis likely to occur? It can occur at any age. overexposure of fluorid in common found in younger people 2. What is dental fluorosis also known as mottling? Teeth with permanent discoloration with white or brown streaks cause by overexposure to Fluoride. 3. What are the two types of Dental restorations ? Direct and indirect restorations 4. What is direct restorations?
portion. Local Infection I. Appearance: Discoloration of the enamel surface to a mild, brownish color and severe irregularity and pitting of the tooth crown. II. Most frequently seen on: The permanent maxillary incisors or a maxillary or mandibular premolar. III. This type of Hypoplasia is often seen on a single tooth and it’s referred to as Turner’s teeth(Fig.5). Figure 5: Enamel Hypoplasia due to local infection (Turner's hypoplasia). The crown of the unerupted bicuspid is extremely irregular, owing
Cheetah premolar teeth are distinct from other cat species because they are more slender and blade-like, yet the found skull seems to have premolars that are more morphologically similar to other felids. This suggests that this primitive cheetah skull is the crown of the evolutionary cascade to create the extant cheetah and it’s
recognize as human beings and human intelligence. All non-human primates sleep in the trees at night. So, it would seem to be that A. afarensis slept in trees also. Their skeletal structure agrees with their arboreal lifestyle. “The large premolars of A. afarensis suggests they were frugivores, and the thick enamel on the teeth suggests they may have eaten nuts, grains, or hard fruit pies” (Boyd and Silk, p.
According to Tweed analysis, the craniofacial difficulty of 36 was added to the space analysis difficulty of 30.05 to give a total difficulty of 66.05. This difficulty value put this case in the moderated difficulty case of correction. If FMA 21º-29º, the FMIA should be 67º. Thus, the FMIA in this case must be increased to improve balance and harmony in the lower face by uprighting mandibular incisors. 4. Diagnosis The patient was diagnosed as a Class III incisor relationship on a Class III skeletal
The Absorption Spectrum of Chlorophyll Water + carbon dioxide → glucose + oxygen 6H2O + 6CO2 → C6H12O6 + 6O2 Absorption Spectrum An absorption spectrum shows which wavelength of light a molecule absorbs. Action Spectrum An action spectrum shows the effect of each wavelength of light on the rate of photosynthesis The absorption spectrum of chlorophyll is very similar to the action spectrum of photosynthesis. This is evidence that chlorophyll absorbs light for photosynthesis
1) Describe the key morphological features of H. naledi. What feature or combination of features was the most surprising to its discoverers? Individually, the features of H. naledi were nothing extraordinary for an ancient primate. However, when considered together, they raised some serious implications. This is because H. naledi has both Homo and Austrolopthicine traits. Specifically, their arboreal-adapted shoulders and fingers, outward-flaring hips, and relatively small brain are Australopithecine
With a firm grip on a straight elevator and a confident countenance, the dentist carefully loosens the patient's second premolar in its bony socket. Afterwards, he trades me the straight elevator for extraction forceps and uses it to wiggle the tooth, eventually pulling it out. Subsequently, I take a large suction tube and remove the excess blood; at the same time, the dentist gazes at the tooth, looks at me and nods. It was this day at the free clinic where I encountered my enthusiasm for extractions
The most common sites for dentinal hypersensitivity are the cervical margins of the buccal and labial surface of the teeth. These areas of the teeth are a common site for recession and the enamel is also thinner in these areas. Canines and first premolars, followed by incisors, second pre-molars and molars are commonly affected by recession. Lastly, patients with moderate to severe sensitivity tend to have gingival recession more prevalent on one side of their mouth compared to the contralateral
in this Many fillings are made of dental amalgam or composite resin. Materials use in filling (a)Amalgam is a silver-gray material made from silver, mercury, copper or other metals. Amalgams are used in molars and premolars because the metal is not seen in the back of the mouth. Composite and ceramic materials are used for all teeth. (B)Composite resin offers a better appearance because it is tooth-colored. Newer resins are very durable. (3)root
I observed chimpanzees in the Kimberly-Clark Chimpanzee Forest exhibit at the Dallas zoo. These African apes, like humans, are hominoids and fall into the larger category of catarrhines. Their scientific classification is Pan troglodytes. There were about ten chimpanzees in that habitat. Most of them were grown adults, except two children. They were robust and had black fur. The average weight of the chimps was listed on a display to be about 115 pounds. Grass made up their environment around which