vitamins and minerals, include those such as vitamin C, A, D, E, and the B-complex vitamins. Micronutrients also include such minerals as fluoride, selenium, sodium, iodine, copper and zinc. We in the United States takes these for granted as many of our foods are micronutrient fortified and supplements are readily available in drug stores, supermarkets, retail outlets, online, through radio ads, etc.. Unfortunately much of the world does not have this type of access and this often leads to population adversity
Introduction For over 500 years, magnificent castles of all shapes and sizes were built across Western Europe. These strong fortifications were built to defend the many occupants of the castle. The stunning architecture of these structures, continue to amaze people all over the world as the remains of many can still be viewed after thousands of years. Castles were first introduced in England by William the Conqueror in 1066 CE . He and his Norman Lords built castles along the English countryside
During the middle ages, most buildings and structures were constructed for a specific purpose, for example, houses, churches, statues, etc., but a castle’s main purpose, on the other hand, was very dependent on the occupier. Castles have been used throughout history as a military base, stronghold, household, and as a seat of government, and have been built over many generations and time periods. They have also been found all throughout the world. How have these monuments changed over time and how
Crusader Castles: A Medieval Culmination King Edward I of England made a number of military campaigns during his reign, in two of which he captured modern-day Wales. In order to hold his gains he built a series of castles, which are said to still be some of the world’s greatest strongholds. But, over 3500 kilometres away a period of fascinating castle building took place prior to Edward’s as a result of the crusades. These constructions were designed by absorbing the constructive wisdom of the
Medieval Siege Weapons This is a brief paragraph or two on each of the major siege weapons. For the not just the besiegers but also the defenders. Please note most of these weapons were not used alone and often had many different versions of the same weapon. KNIGHT At age seven a son of a noble family was sent to a nobleman or lord, often who was a relative. Here he was a page and taught how to ride a horse, and his manners. At the age of fourteen he was apprenticed to a knight. As the squire
Whittington Castle When assigned the England project, I wanted to research something having to do with my heritage. My ancestors originate from England. Correspondingly, I chose Whittington Castle. According to an old English legend, one of my family ancestors, Dick Whittington, set out from the castle for London, in search of his fortune. After residing in London for a time, Dick Whittington went on to be "thrice Lord Mayor of London". That piece of history supposedly occurred in 1368, but
important fortification to one of supremacy. Castles have two main functions, to provide a residence for an army and for military purposes. Dover castle is an example of a castle that takes these needs to an extreme- it was a royal castle, a castle fit for the king, and a castle with a military importance like no other in England, it was described as the key to England. [IMAGE] The pharos at Dover, evidence that the site had been occupied for thousands of years [IMAGE]Fortifications at Dover
Exploring the Changing Role of Castles Between Norman and Tudor Times The introductions of castles were brought to Britain by William I (better know as William the Conqueror). He came to power by beating King Harold in the Battle of Hastings in 1066. Then King William started his campaign to conquer the rest of England and to do this he introduced castles to Britain. Castles became the military stronghold-cum-residences from which he could police the newly conquered lands. The first
BRITISH CASTLES Great Britain’s castles exemplify artistic characteristics and were essential elements in the lives of kings, lords, nobles, and chieftains. The word castle means a building or group of buildings usually intended as a residence of a king, lord, noble, or chieftain. There are many different types of castles, and the features about them are simply amazing. Warfare was also an important issue involving castles. They had to have some means of protection. The castles reached their
A trebuchet a simple machine from the middle ages when attacking the opposing side. The Chinese invented the trebuchet in 300BC, the French were using trebuchet more than anyone. A force is a push or pull, but if unbalanced it can change an objects motion. The force used in a trebuchet is gravitational force, which is applied when the counterweight is pulled to the ground to launch the projectile in the air. The counterweight has to be heavier than the projectile or the trebuchet won’t work. The
Daniel Mattos 11/12/15 PD 5 A catapult is a ballistic device that is uses to throw projectiles over a great distance. Although the catapult has been used since ancient times, it has proven to be one of the most effective mechanisms during warfare. The word 'catapult' comes from the Latin 'catapulta'. Castles and fortified walled cities were common during this period – and catapults were used as a key siege weapon against them. As well as attempting to breach the walls, flammable missiles
The History of a Trebuchet The history of a trebuchet is long and complex seeing as civilizations have struggled to properly maintain records throughout time. The term trebuchet comes from the French word “trebucher”, which means “to throw over”, or “to fall”. The war machine was called “Ingemium” in England, called so as it was Latin for “ingenious”. This ancient form of the trebuchet is called a traction trebuchet. Instead of utilizing a weight and gravity as modern ones do, this structure required
Who doesn’t love castles? Castles are beautiful creations that serve as a temporary home for families of royalty. Many castles are brilliant buildings with complex architecture and features. A few of these features are the mighty walls, the base, and the towers. Some of the architecture commonly used to build castles dates back many years. Castles are loaded with powerful defenses and clever traps. Castles are also needed to be filled with obstructions and defenses in order to protect the royal family
The trebuchet was capable of taking down castle walls, fortresses, and entire cities. They were used as an ancient war engine in the early 300 B.C. in Ancient China. The trebuchet reached Europe in the Middle Ages, in the year 500 A.D. It was originally primarily used by the French, and were temporarily used as a power source. It will later be used as a weapon, introduced to England during the Siege of Dover in the year 1216. The trebuchet was used to take down the Dover castle's walls in this
The Trebuchet was a devastating siege weapon that was used all across the world in the Middle Ages. The trebuchet was a highly destructive siege engine that caused the fall of several castles and thousands of soldiers of all various armies. In this essay I will be talking about the materials used to construct this siege engine, the countries and empires in which this siege weapon was used and the types of people that used this device. The Trebuchet was a very advanced siege engine that was used
Under Attack and Defence Many different clans and castles would have wanted attack Chastershire Castle to overthrow the King and Queen and take over such a powerful castle. To defend from such attack, Chastershire had built in defensive mechanisms and highly trained guards & knights. The Castle was defended with ease from all of the different attacks used in the Medieval Era. Chastershire was prepared for anyone who wanted to attack by climbing over the walls by rope, ladder or siege tower by not
Architectural Studies: Diocletian Palace Tasanee Durrett ARC 231 History/Theory of Architecture I Professor Schrenk March 11th, 2014 Introduction In the subsequent pages, I have investigated the architectural design of Diocletian’s Palace in Split, Croatia. It will be noted the overall purpose of the residence and its materiality. The essential structural aspects and formal significances will also be investigated throughout the paper. Additionally, there
The Trebuchet have been used as much as they have been modified throughout history. The knowledge of the Trebuchet may have been contained to a small population if it weren’t for traders spreading the knowledge. Due to the spread of knowledge the traction Trebuchet was used during the Crusades as well as other military campaigns. One example of the trebuchet being modified was when Murdi ibn al-Tarsusi depicted a hybrid Trebuchet which had a crossbow to protect the “workers” from incoming attack
The History of a Trebuchet The name of the Trebuchet is ironic, being a French originated word, when this mechanical weapon was first invented in 300 BC, China (Alchin, “Trebuchet”). However, the machine that the Chinese used in the beginning, did not resemble the modern-day Trebuchet, and worked more like a sling. Sadly, this Trebuchet did not have the wished for results by the Chinese. Consequently, this weapon went through changes before it came to be the Medieval Weapon we think of today,
The trebuchet, following the catapult, the trebuchet was capable of launching 400 pound projectiles hundreds of feet. This engine of war was created for one purpose, lay siege to an enemy castle. Recent discoveries indicate that the first trebuchet could have been invented as early as 300 BCE in what is now China, this version is thought to have been a rope based trebuchet with groups of military men using upper body strength in order to lob the projectile. The trebuchet reached Europe approximately