The sectional details of the parts are shown in fig 3 in which the machine shaft is supported by radial and thrust bearings. Radial bearings support the dead load on the shaft, while thrust bearings support the axial load due to compression of saw dust by screw. One end of the shaft is connected to the gear drive. In the other end of the shaft screw is inserted. Starting section of screw placed inside barrel conveys the material into the mould. Mould is made in two sections, first in which the cross section gradually reduced to the final shape of briquette (called forming mould or wear sleeve) and the later with uniform cross section of the final briquette which exerts necessary back pressure for compression due to friction. Saw dust is chosen as the raw material for its suitability to produce high calorific value briquettes[17] and its local availability. The entire saw dust used during this experiment is collected from a single source in single lot. The saw dust is sieved to -5mm, dried to less than 8% moisture in a hot air-current drier and the drier output about 80oC to 90oC is fed directly to the briquetting machine. Only the briquettes of minimum acceptable quality were considered as output. The mould needs to be maintained at a temperature about 250oC for the lignin content in the biomass to melt and act as a binder. For both screw and mould spares were kept ready for replacement. For the first set of data the screw coated by Eutechtrode 700 from L&T was used and it was allowed to run till it breaks down. The mould was also hardened by coating with Eutectrode 700. As an average it took about 45 minutes to remove the screw, cool the system, clean the system from debris of raw material, put the new screw and reh...
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...Mathematical and Computer Modelling, Volume 12, Issue 9, 1989, Page 1176.
[15] R. C. Vergin, Scheduling Maintenance and Determining Crew Size for Stochastically Failing Equipment, Volume 13 Issue 2, October 1966.
[16] M. Ozkok∗, The effects of machine breakdown on hull structure production process, Scientia Iranica E (2013) 20 (3), 900–908.
[17] Mariusz J. Stolarski, Stefan Szczukowski, Józef Tworkowski, Michał Krzyżaniak, Paweł Gulczyński, Mirosław Mleczek, Comparison of quality and production cost of briquettes made from agricultural and forest origin biomass, Renewable Energy, Volume 57, September 2013, Pages 20-26.
[18] Anbumalar V, Nagarajan M S and Balasubramani P, Productivity improvement in screw type biomass briquetting machine by improving mould life, article in press, Journal of Manufacturing Engineering, December, 2013, Vol. 8, Issue. 4, pp 244-248.
For an assembly plant to be so productive materials must be on hand at all times. Every mustang begins with a truck; reels of raw steel weighing in at 30 tons a piece are delivered periodically. Now this raw steel is the moved to a machine that cuts i...
MillerCoors can establish the context as generalized machinery failure. Through identifying the risk, MillerCoors can identify the source of machinery failure could happen anywhere from production machinery to delivery equipment, with the causation arising from mishandling of machinery, general wear and tear or even sabotage events. Consequently, failures in machinery could not only create operational delays, but would cause financial loss and increased liability. Depending on the age and the extent of personnel training, the likelihood of machinery failure would vary drastically within the organizations and between brewery operations. To properly evaluate machinery failure risk, all eligible assets should be broken down into different levels, based in the type, age and complexity of the machinery. To reduce the risk and loss potential, MillerCoors, should instill performance measure to within policies and procedures to makes sure equipment is regularly inspected. In addition, the organization should focus on provided proper and frequent training to make sure personnel are educated in the use of the organizations machinery. Therefore, through the risk management process MillerCoors can provide treatment to reduce the effects of machinery
It is easy to see from a first look at exhibit 3 and exhibit 4 (that
The program consists of precise instructions about the methodology of manufacture as well as movements. For example, what tool is to be used, at what speed, at what feed and to move from which point to which point in what path. Since the program is the controlling point for product manufacture, the machine becomes versatile and can be used for any part. All the functions of a NC machine tool are therefore controlled electronically, hydraulically or pneumatically. In NC machine tools, one or more of the following functions may be automatic.bhk
Cushman, Lynd, Nichols, Wyman. “Fuel Ethanol from Cellulosic Biomass.” Science. March 1991. Vol 251 (4999):1321
In commercial processing, the burning takes place in large concrete or steel silos with very little oxygen, and stops before it all turns to ash. It is said that the “procedure leaves black lumps and powder which is about 25% of the original weight. When ignited, the carbon in charcoal merges with oxygen and forms carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water, other gases, and significant quantities of energy.” It packs more potential energy per ounce than raw wood. Stated by Goldwyn that the char combust steadily, hot and it produces less smoke and lesser unhazardous
Lees, F. P. and Mannan, S. 2005. Lee's loss prevention in the process industries. Third Edition. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.
...ch is used to replace natural gas. He also stated that, among the equipment used to burn the biofuel, the suspension burner have the ability to exceed 99% efficiency and whole-tree burner can reduce the cost of harvesting and handling woody fuels by about 35% (Brown, 2003). Moreover, the usage of bio-energy in long term is to provide a degree of ecological balance and climate change, avoid acid rain, reduce soil erosion and minimize water pollution (Gevorkian, 2007). Therefore, biomass is environmental friendly like solar energy. Based on the research that has been carried out regarding the synthesis of gas from biomass, the gas gasifies in the internal combustion engine. The relative energy density of synthesis gas is higher than the fossil fuel under certain conditions. In addition, the relative flame speed of synthesis gas can reduce the time for spark ignition.
Among various options available for bio-energy, bio-diesel, bio-ethanol and biomass gasification are three major options, which have huge potential in India to develop as energy sources and where investments made would be economical. The objective of this Business Plan is to review the option of electricity generation through the use of biomass energy.
Biomass gasification is a process by which biofuel is produced. It has been used for over 180 years but in the last decades it has been reconsidered as an interesting technique due to the fact that oil supplies are decreasing. As mentioned before, gasification is a thermal process. Heat is added up in order to convert the organic mass to biofuel. The biomass usually undergoes drying, pyrolysis, partial oxidation and reduction. Nowadays the configurations used for gasification are three: fixed bed gasifier, fluidized bed gasifier and entrained bed gasifiers. The simplest configuration is the
In this paper we will explore on the brief manufacturing process of steel containers and some vital issues relating to the production process.
Preventive maintenance can be defined as an activity performed on a certain schedule which is intended to prevent breakdowns or deterioration. These activities can include regular inspection along with solving any discovered problems or situations and regularly scheduled parts changes. Preventive maintenance involves the scheduled adjustment, inspection, replacement of wearable parts, calibrations, basic cleaning and lubrication of equipment or other recommendation made by the equipment manufacturer. These activities can help increase the equipment functional life and help decrease facilities deterioration. No equipment should, No equipment should reach the breaking point [1].
the hull is called friction. This slows the boat down. If a boat hull is designed
The effect of operating conditions (temperature and pressure) on the rate of gasification of coal-char is very important regarding the design and operation of coal gasifier. It is obvious that the rate of coal-char gasification reaction depends on the operating conditions, which is studied by using the shrinking spherical ashless (un-reacted) particle model. The rate of gasification of coal-char increases with increasing temperature and partial pressure of CO2 but the total system pressure shows the negative effect on the conversion of coal-char.
Woodman, Chester L., Kurt Kuster. ?Small shop, big decision.? American Machinest (Apr. 2001): 78 EBSCOhost. Online. Nov. 2002 .