Introduction
For the whole year of 2003, China was besieged by a strain of virus that masqueraded as pneumonia but inflicted a far more lethal effect (Jin et al, 2006, p.81). By all accounts, the mystery of how the SARS (Severe Respiratory Acute Syndrome) virus originated has remained largely unsolved (New York Times, 2003). What began as routine fever and cough in a Chinese physician, later identified as a super-carrier, rapidly spread to those who came into cursory contact with him, spiralling into a worldwide crisis and infecting people across Asia and as far as Canada (New York Times, 2003). It is critical to understand the roles that Chinese government play in times of crises, particularly when the solution to the threat, as in a crisis such as SARS, strongly links to its political system. At such times there is a necessity for prompt decision-making by the government, and a need to engage the public fully no matter what remedial approach it seeks to promote (Jin et al, 2006, p.82). Among many components of crisis management, we cannot emphasize the importance of communication in times of crises too much. Crisis communication is the key for any government to succeed in crises. A good crisis communication strategy can even promote the image of the government, turning the danger into an opportunity. On the contrary, poor information delivery could worsen the scenario and impede the effectiveness of larger part of crisis management measures. Given the importance of crisis communication, how government conducts crisis communication activities, the development of communication strategies, become a subject worthwhile studying. The purpose of this paper is to examine how crisis of the 2003 SARS is communicated in the context of Chi...
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...ed by the premier. These top leaders then in turn appoints all provincial governors, vice governors, and party secretaries (title of head in the CPP organization). Provincial leaders then make comparable appointments to its next territorial level. Appointments and advancement within China’s civil service is generally based on performance, which is measured by how effectively civil servants carry out their responsibilities and achieve their specified goals (Martin, 2009, p.9). As a result, one of the government’s main means of political control is the hierarchical performance evaluation and appointment. Accordingly, communication within the government follows the ranking hierarchy level by level - bypassing levels is rare. For example, it is unlikely that the central government would ever communicate directly with the municipal level, skipping the provincial level.
In order to communicate with people of all social classes and diversity levels, knowing your
A premier who is now Li Peng leads the country. The Executive powers rest in the State Council, which is headed by the premier, Li Peng. The National People's Congress is the most powerful part of China's government. Its members are indirectly elected to serve five-year terms.
In this writer’s opinion, after 2008’s crisis impacting, leaders should increase the ability about precaution before crisis and ability in crisis because of leaders’ position. it is hard to escape the involvement even though their advices were objected. In that situation, it requires leaders to resolve and reduce the damage to a minimum.
Ulmer, RR, Sellnow, TL & Seeger, MW 2007, Effective crisis communication, Thousand Oakes: Sage Publications.
Effective communication in its various forms is the substratum of crisis management. Internal and external communication is essential during times of crisis if a successful outcome is to prevail. In a crisis, people’s lives are often at risk, these are lives that can be lost or protected; however, their fate lies in the hands of information. A breakdown in communication during times of crisis will interfere in dispensing pertinent and time sensitive information to the target audience, thus placing them at a gross disadvantage in protecting their health. During a crisis, it can be extremely costly to falter in delivering accurate, detailed, and informative information.
Managing a Crisis Using Public Relations Handling Public Relations for any organization can be very difficult. task in any circumstance - even in simple, non-crisis situations. When a crisis strikes, that's when PR managers really have their work. cut out for them to see. A PR manager must always be prepared for the inevitable crisis to happen because that is when their jobs are really tested by the public and the organization.
Basically, the concepts of risk communication are partially aligned with the ideology of three-stage process of the model in terms of crisis communication and issue management. For instance, a Hong Kong famous beverages manufacturer, VITASOY, has raised public concerns of the taste deviation of Lemon Tea product in February 2014. In response to this crisis, VITASOY has published a media statement to the key stakeholders including customers, media and the retailers. ...
Social media has become both popular and crucial in crisis and emergency communications. Responders are not only communicating to their public through social media outlets, the public is communicating with each other, and with responders. Individuals are able to provide important information on disaster impacts, including location and imagery, using nothing more than a smartphone equipped with a camera and GPS locator. One particular technology from Ushahidi offers an interesting way for responders and affected individuals to communicate with one another in the course of a disaster response. The Ushahidi BRCK offers an application of technology that, while not originally designed for use in the emergency management field, has an application in the response to a disaster. This and other technologies contribute to the ever changing way responders and individuals communicate.
According to Sapru R.K. (2008) p370-371 the traditional ideal of public administration which inclined to be firm and bureaucratic was based on processes instead of outcomes and on setting procedures to follow instead of focusing on results. This paradigm can be regarded as an administration under formal control of the political control, constructed on a firmly ranked model of bureaucracy, run by permanent and neutral public servants, driven only by public concern. In emerging nations the administration was true bureaucracy meaning government by officers. In this perspective Smith (1996) p235-6 perceived that“the bureaucracy controls and manages the means of production through the government. It increases chances for bureaucratic careers by the creation of public figures,demanding public managers, marketing boards.
Communication is essential in education, training and everyday life. It's a means by which a thought is transferred from one person to another. Effective communication occurs when the intended meaning of the source and the perceived meaning of the receiver are virtually the same, Schemerhorn (2005).
ComEd appears to have thoroughly analyzed social media best practices before it embarked on its own social media program. However, it decided to place the responsibility for social media within its own customer operations rather than in its communications or marketing department. Was this is a good decision- why or why not?
Governments role during a pandemic is informing the public. The Department of Health is a government lead department responsible for preparedness and response. (Department of Health) The Health Department is supposed to inform and help the public, but in some communities even the Health Department was shut down due to lack of workers. The government...
This system mainly deals with the appointment of fourteen Principal Officials who are selected from both inside or outside the civil service. These fourteen positions include the three Secretaries, namely the Chief Secretary, the Financial Secretary and the Secretary for Justice; and eleven Bureau Directors e.g. the Secretary for Education, the Secretary for Transport and Housing and so on.
Risk communication often begins with a hazard, or potential harm or danger to the environment or society health and safety (Lundgren & McMakin, 2009; Lindell & Perry, 2004). Example includes a widespread of an infectious disease, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) from Asia to 24 countries during February 2003 created public health challenges (Abraham, 2006). The emergence of SARS risk communication derived from recognition of dangers in which public tend to exchange information and evaluate actions to be taken in order to avoid undesirable outcomes (Lindell and Perry, 2004). One of the frightening aspects of SARS was the disease spread by human-to-human casual contact (Wright, 2008). Therefore risk communication played a vital role in information exchange that was required by public to protect them from the disease and reduce the risk of transmission (Abraham, 2006; Wright, 2008). In most of the situation, risk communication is more appropriate to inform, encourage or persuade the building of consensus between parties about a range of areas including levels of risks, significance or meaning of certain risks and decisions, actions or policies aimed at managing or controlling certain risks (Lundgren & McMakin, 2009).
Public personnel administration consists of three general systems. The first one I’ll talk about is civil service. The civil service helps to protect employee rights and safeguard efficiency. Historically, personnel administration shifted from emphasizing the value of responsiveness to emphasizing political neutral competence among public employees. Before they would use the spoils system and the patronage system, which selected employees and awarded government contracts based on loyalty or party affiliation. In this present day, we are using more of the civil service system, which is a method of choosing employees based on certain formal qualifications such as competitive exams instead of political patronage. It all start...