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Importance of conflict and conflict resolution
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Critically discuss the relevance of mediation and conflict resolution in a capitalist society that neglects the disadvantaged.
Introduction-
Mediation and other means of conflict resolution assist the disadvantaged in giving them an opportunity to have control over how a resolution can be solved. The speed, cost and human element of mediation differs from the long, drawn out and what some may consider an inegalitarian process of litigation. A capitalist society, like Trinidad and Tobago places emphasis on materialism and hierarchical structures, which can create and forsake disadvantaged groups (Pavlich, 2013). This paper seeks to show how mediation can indeed assist the neglected and disadvantaged in protecting their social and economic right in a capitalist society.
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A capitalist society can be defined as a structure by which goods and services are privately or corporately owned. An essential characteristic of capitalism is the exploitative relation of capital towards labor within the value form (Wetly, 1987). In looking at an example of a capitalist society along this essential characteristic, Trinidad and Tobago can be used. when the Europeans came to Trinidad in an effort to colonize the country, an exploitative relationship existed. The Amerindians who already occupied the islands were “forced” to work for the colonizers. In exchange, they were conditioned to believe that they were being “civilized” because they were “savages”. As this exploitation continued, the only ones to benefit from this were the colonizers. They made sure that Amerindians worked as hard as they could and obeyed them so that any profits gained went towards the Europeans.
This continued into slavery being one of the most exploitati...
... middle of paper ...
... discourse making them relatively invisible in society.
Post modern theorists have also studied disadvantaged groups. They are referred to by such scholars as “marginalized groups”. Gayatri Spivak, in her paper, “Can the subaltern speak?” argued that marginalized groups are those rendered without agency by their social status. She went on further to state that anyone who does not have access to power, lives in the space of difference and are considered marginalized. Spivak postulated that blacks, homosexuals, lower class persons, women and girls are generally a major part of these marginalized groups.
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Bibliography
Pavlich, G. (2013). Justice Fragmented: Mediating Community Disputes Under
Postmodern Conditions. New York: Routledge.
Kaplan, G. (2009). Executive Guide to Managing Disputes. Toronto: Beard Books.
Foucault argues that because authority stems from relationships, one must work and try to gain dominance over others regardless of the social class he resides in so as to gain power. He asserts, ."..power...is produced from one moment to the next...in every relation from one point to another" (93). Therefore, groups such as the welfare departments, caseworkers, and even merchants can hold power over the lower class based solely on the ability to dominate the relationship between themselves and welfare recipients. Both welfare departments and caseworkers allocate money to the low-income citizens in need of money and, as a result have the ability to sustain dominance. Merchants also exploit these consumers by using "hard sells, high prices, poor merchandise and...very high rates of interest" (Kornbluh 82). Furthermore, "Power is everywhere; not because it embraces everything, but because it comes from everywhere" (Foucault, 93). Thus, society...
The majority of the nearly 500,000 slaves on the island, at the end of the eighteenth century endured some of the worst slave conditions in the Caribbean. These people were seen as disposable economic inputs in a colony driven by greed. Thus, they receive...
In the book Capitalism is described as “an economic system in which property and goods are primarily privately owned” (Dalton Conley 539). In the film, countries such as Chile or Argentina after undergoing an economic crisis change their countries economic system from either socialism or communism. In adopting Capitalism, privatization occurs on markets previously run by the government, such as the banking market. In Chile, private companies begin running the banks, and acting often in ways that suit the company and the higher-ups. The results are that the countries experience an increase in poverty as the corporations begin benefitting the upper class and violence due to rioting and protests taking place in response to the problems brought by capitalism.
As the wage gap increases, those in poverty have less “money”, the negotiation tool in capitalist systems, to fight for themselves. Capitalism has also always been entwined with democracy, yet this is not a symbiotic relationship. The capitalist elite have unfair clout in democratic systems, ultimately causing legislation to be passed in their favor. This is perhaps best envisioned in the “lobbying complex” in the United States, and the power of political action committees (PACs) to assert a corporation’s views. Those in poverty cannot stand up for their rights when what they stand to gain poses a threat to the elite. Goldberg says capitalism is not a “zero-sum game”, but it certainly isn’t a fair exchange either. Far too often capitalism disables the working class and drives them into poverty, as those who “sign the paycheck” hold the
Ott, Marvin C. "Mediation as a Method of Conflict Resolution: Two Cases." International Organization 26.04 (1972): 595-618. JSTOR. Web. 3 Dec. 2013.
According to Trevor M. A. Farrell, author of perspective, “Decolonization in the English-Speaking Caribbean”, colonialism is when organization of resources of a country being exploited is done for the financial benefit of the oppressor. All the power lies in the hands of the colonizing country (589). The tourism indust...
...ions, just as litigation isn’t. It has been suggested, “…mediation is most effective where the adversarial litigation process is weakest, namely where there is a longstanding relationship” . Some disputes such as neighbourly or family disputes are seen as suitable for mediation while disputes where no continuing relationship exists, there is violence or an imbalance of power are more suited to litigation.
Many people enjoy working or participating in a group or team, but when a group of people work together chances are that conflicts will occur. Hazleton describes conflict as the discrepancy between what is the perceived reality and what is seen as ideal (2007). “We enter into conflicts reluctantly, cautiously, angrily, nervously, confidently- and emerge from them battered, exhausted, sad, satisfied, triumphant. And still many of us underestimate or overlook the merits of conflict- the opportunity conflict offers every time it occurs” (Schilling, nd.). Conflict does not have to lead to a hostile environment or to broken relationships. Conflict if resolved effectively can lead to a positive experience for everyone involved. First, there must be an understanding of the reasons why conflicts occur. The conflict must be approached with an open mind. Using specific strategies can lead to a successful resolution for all parties involved. The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument states “there are five general approaches to dealing with conflict. The five approaches are avoidance, accommodation, competition, compromise, and collaboration. Conflict resolution is situational and no one approach provides the best or right approach for all circumstances” (Thomas, 2000).
Deutsch, Morton. “Conflict Resolution: Theory and Practice.” Political Psychology Volume Vol. 4, No. 3. (1983): pp. 431-453. International Society of Political Psychology. Print.
A group can only be called a team if the members are actively working together toward a common goal. A team must have the capability to set goals, make decisions, solve problems, and share responsibilities. For a team to be successful, trust must be earned between its members by being consistent and reliable (Temme & Katzel, 2005). When more than one person is working on a particular task, inconsistent views or opinions commonly arise. People come from different backgrounds and live through different life experiences therefore, even when working towards a common goal, they will not always see eye to eye. Major conflict that is not dealt with can devastate a team or organization (Make Conflict Work, 2008). In some situations, conflict can be more constructive than destructive. Recognizing the difference between conflict that is constructive to the team and conflict that is destructive to the team is important. Trying to prevent the conflict is not always the best way to manage conflict when working within a team setting. Understanding conflict, what causes it, and how to resolve conflict effectively, should consume full concentration.
A world of system designed to keep people in unjust and unequal positions is held in place by several interrelated expression of "power over": political power, economic power, physical force, and ideological power (Bishop, 1994: 36). So, we can say power is defined as a possession of control, authority or influence over others. In terms of power of dominant groups over subordinate groups, we define power as domination of one group of people over another in major important spheres of life. Power inequities have been in existence throughout the history of humanity and the ways of manifestation evolved from extreme overt oppression to subtle, covert oppression. Three major forms of power inequalities discussed in this paper are based on property (class), domination whites over others (race) and men over women (gender).
“To live anyhow is better than not at all” (Chekhov 1) , the short story, The Bet commenced with the conflict when the person had no choice but to choose between the death penalty or life in prison. The Bet was originally written by Anton Chekhov, a profound Russian short-story writer who concentrated a lot on human values and the reflection of the extravagantly selfish Russian nobility. And through The Bet he was able to express all those ideas in two sides, the banker and the lawyer with the conflict along the story line.
In order of being able to analyze the sources of conflicts regarding the clothing manufacturer, I will present the Conflict Process Model according to McShane and Von Glinow. Therefore, I will first define what conflicts are, and second present the different sources of conflicts and carve out which conflicts are involved regarding to the given case. The third step is to explain two different strategies to minimize these conflicts in future. Finally, I will provide a recommendation and conclusion.
The Plantation society theory tries to explain the social Caribbean structure in relation to the plantation experience. According to Professor George Beckford “plantation societies are characterized by the existence of a right social hierarchy based on labour, racial and cultural differences, large areas of land denoted to production, Authoritarian management centralized, among other things”. The plantation model stresses on the existence of two classes – “a white/free class which owned the means of production and a black/slave class which owned labour”. This model shines a spotlight on the traditional Marxist argument which speaks about the unequal distribution of wealth and power. The plantation society model serves to authenticate the assertion that occupation was linked through race. Although wealth and power can be inherited, they are also the products of occupation.
Mediation is a form of the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). Mediation is a process which it assists disputed parties to arrive to a mutually agreed resolution without going to court. As the out of court problem solving approach, mediation is a more convenient way for parties which trying to avoid the hassle and loving some flexibility from the more rigid court procedure. Mediation can be said as an informal process of which parties during this process is encouraged to work together among the disputed parties in good faith in order to solve their problems and disputes at a lower financial cost and it consume lesser time as opposed to the court procedure. Mediation recently has become more common as one of dispute resolution process especially for disputes which have relations to divorce matter, child custody or even for child visitation especially for its privacy and confidentiality.