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Ovarian cancer research paper
Ovarian cancer research paper
Ovarian cancer term paper
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“Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by out-of-control cell growth. There are over 100 different types of cancer, and each is classified by the type of cell that is initially affected” (What Is Cancer? What Causes Cancer?,1). Most cancers harm the body when cells begin to divide and form lumps of tissue called tumors. However, leukemia affects cells in the blood stream. While some tumors can grow to affect many different systems in the body, some are not dangerous and are referred to as benign tumors. There are many types of cancer, some more dangerous than others. Those among the most frequently diagnosed include breast cancer, ovarian cancer, renal cancer, colon and rectal cancer, and lung cancer.
Breast cancer is characterized by a malignant, or cancerous, tumor that develops in the cells of the breast. In most cases of breast cancer, the cancer begins in the cells of the milk producing ducts. If these cancerous cells make their way to other uninfected breast tissue, they can travel to the lymph nodes under the arms. Once inside the lymph nodes, the cancer has a way to spread to other parts of the body. The stages of breast cancer are determined by how far the cancer cells have spread beyond the original tumor. Many women diagnosed with breast cancer report that the first sign is a lump of tissue felt on the breast. Even so, most women brush off such lumps and do not get tested in time. Other symptoms of this type of cancer include swelling of all or part of the breast, skin irritation, breast pain, or a lump in the underarm area. It is possible, though, that some of these symptoms could signal something less serious like a cyst. “About 1 in 8 U.S. women (just under 12%) will develop invasive breast cancer over the cou...
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No Author. (2013). Statistics. Retrieved on February 4, 2014, from http://www.ovariancancer.org/about-ovarian-cancer/statistics/
No Author. (2013). Lung Cancer. Retrieved on February 4, 2014, from http://www.cancer.org/cancer/lungcancer-non-smallcell/detailedguide/non-small-cell-lung-cancer-key-statistics
No Author. (2013). What is kidney cancer? Retrieved on February 4, 2014, from http://www.cancer.org/cancer/kidneycancer/detailedguide/kidney-cancer-adult-what-is-kidney-cancer
No Author. (2013). What is colorectal cancer? Retrieved on February 4, 2014, from http://www.cancer.org/cancer/colonandrectumcancer/detailedguide/colorectal-cancer-what-is-colorectal-cancer
No Author. (2013). Treatment types. Retrieved on February 4, 2014, from http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/treatmenttypes/treatment-types-landing
Cancer is one of the 9 National Health Priority Areas (NHPA), areas which account for a significant portion of the burden of disease, but have sizeable potential for improvement. In Australia, CRC is the second most common cancer, after prostate (in men) and breast cancer (in women) (AIHW, Cancer incidence projections). The incidence has gradually increased (by 13% in males from 1982-2007) (AIHW, Cancer in Australia an overview). This is compounded by the ageing population and population growth, with 14,860 new cases in 2010 (http://www.cancer.org.au/about-cancer/types-of-cancer/bowel-cancer). This graph demonstrates this upward trend ((AIHW, Cancer incidence projections):
It is usually found in one breast but can affect both breast at the same time. Increase in lump size and breast tenderness happens just before the menstrual cycle and decreases in size and resolution after the menstrual cycle. Having one or many cysts does not increase one’s risk of breast cancer but it may interfere with the ability to detect abnormal changes that may need to be evaluated. The supporting tissue that gives the breast shape is made up of fatty tissue and fibrous connective tissue. Cysts develop when there is an overgrowth of glands and fibrocystic changes within the milk ducts causing them to dilate and fill with fluid (Laronga et
Symptoms women often start noticing that indicate the possibility of having a cancerous tumor in the breast include a lump on the underarm or armpit, thickening of the nipple, fluid (not milk) leaking from the nipple, change in the size of the nipple or breast, changes of color, shape or texture of the nipple or the areola, and unusual pain in the breast or in the armpit (Stephan., 2010). These are the symptoms women usually start noticing before go to the doctor to ge...
Cancer is the term used to describe a group of diseases consisting of hundreds of ailments and although there exists so many different types of cancer, they all begin in a similar way. The body is made up of over a trillion cells, and cancer is the uncontrolled growth of malfunctioning cells in the body (Dawson, 1996). “Normal body cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly fashion. During the early years of a person’s life, normal cells divide faster to allow the person to grow. After the person becomes an adult, most cells divide only to replace worn-out or dying cells or to repair injuries” (American Cancer Society, 2012).
Cancer has caused a total of 7.6 million deaths annually, or about 13% of deaths worldwide. Lung cancer being the most common type, accounts for 1.37 million of those deaths. But what are the leading factors that cause this type of cancer and what can be done to prevent the increasing number of deaths?
Breast cancer is a type of cancer originates from breast tissue, generally from the inner lining of milk ducts or the lobules that supply the ducts with milk. Cancers originating from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas whereas from ducts are called ductal carcinomas. (Ref: Breast Cancer, National Cancer Institute) Invasive breast cancer is breast cancer that has spread from the point of origin in the breast ducts/lobules to the surrounding normal tissue cells. In exceptional cases, breast cancer can start in at other sites in breast. Breast cancer occurs in both women and men, though male breast cancer is uncommon.
Over one million Americans in the United States are living with or have been diagnosed with leukemia. That’s a big amount of people. I chose to do my research paper on leukemia because two years ago I lost my grandma to the cancer. I wanted to know more about the disease and what was happening to her. I researched the different types, risk factors, symptoms, treatment, and what kind of research is being done to help cure leukemia. Leukemia is a cancer of the blood cells that start in the bone marrow. During leukemia the bone marrow starts to make a lot of abnormal white blood cells or “leukemia cells”.
According to “Medical News Today” cancer is a disease that is caused by an over growth of anomalous cells on one or more lungs. Cells often go up the air pipes which can cause difficulty to breath. Due to the over production of cells the tissue cells often begin to over produce; which results in tumors. There are two types of tumors: malignant and benign. Malignant tumors are the more dangerous of the two due to its invasive nature; which makes it cancerous. While benign is not invasive in other words non-cancerous. This is why cancer spreads to multiple areas and can be sometimes very difficult to fight. Cancer cells are abnormal not only because of their evasive nature, but also because of its irregular life cycle. Rather than expire like a regular cell, they continuously grow and duplicate which causes the disease to spread. This makes cell abnormal in shape and other qualities; known as a sickle cell. Due to the large growth and reproduction rate of the cells this makes the spreading of the cancer more rapid. Each cancer has specific symptom, for lung cancer the sympto...
Cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow out of control; the cells don't die, instead they continue to divide into other abnormal cells. These abnormal cells invade other tissues; this type of cancer is called metastatic cancer. If these abnormal cells get into the lymphs or the blood stream they spread and replace all other normal cells, eventually taking over the entire body and killing the person. These abnormal cancer cells are caused by damaged DNA due to sun exposure, cigarette smoke, lifestyle choices, or inherited damaged DNA. (12)
Of the few people that know what breast cancer is some of them just believe that it is a lump. They do not know that there is a process to breast cancer they do not know that the tumor comes from somewhere and does not magically appear. Breast cancer can happen a few different ways in the breast, but “the most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma” (cancer.gov). This type of breast cancer begins in the lining of the milk ducts. The ducts are the tubes that carry the milk from the lobules to the nipple. Think of them as little veins running from the nipple to a little pouch. Another place that the cancer could start is...
Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States and the number of people who are diagnosed with it is higher than prostate, lung, colon and breast cancer combined (Skin Cancer Foundation, 2014). If it is diagnosed and treated in time it is also the easiest type of cancer to cure. Knowing the different types of skin cancer, recognizing the signs of symptoms of each type, the risk factors, treatment, and prevention will increase your odds of an early diagnosis.
Leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells. It begins in the bone marrow, the soft tissue inside the bones. Within the bone marrow is where white blood cells are created, that help fight off bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms within the body that cause infections. The disease develops to when the white blood cells are being produced out of control. The cells that are being produced do not work properly as they should, they grow faster than a normal cell would and don’t know when to stop growing. Overtime, if not treated properly, the white blood cells will over crowd blood cells, creating a serious problem such as anemia, bleeding and infection. Leukemia cells can spread to the lymph nodes and other organs in the body causing swelling and pain.
The emphasis on health and fitness has become paramount in our society today in an effort to prevent and combat diseases such as Cancers. Cancers are a group of over 100 diseases that affects every aspect of the human system from skin, to bones, to muscles, to blood. One of the most common blood disorders is Leukemia. As defined by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, Leukemia is a type of blood cancer that begins in the bone marrow. The bone marrow is the soft tissue in the center of the bone that is responsible for the production of blood cells. The term leukemia means white blood. The term leukocytes refer to white blood cells, which are body’s defense against infections and other foreign substances. When Leukemia occurs there is an uncontrolled increase in the number of white blood cells. When this occurs, these cancerous cells inhibit the production of healthy red blood cells, platelets, and mature white blood cells. Over time the cancerous cells can spread to the bloodstream and lymph nodes. They can also travel to the Central Nervous System and the rest of the body.
Cancer develops when cells in a part of the body begin to grow out of
Cancer is a disease that affects human somatic cells. It causes the cells to divide uncontrollably and form masses known as tumors. There are two different types of cancer tumors. Some tumors are benign and other tumors are malignant. Benign tumors look similar to the tissues that they came from and develop slowly. The tumor remains in the same area that the tumor originated in. Malignant tumors are formed from cells that do not resemble the tissue that they came from. They vary in shape and size. This enables pieces of the tumor to break off and spread to other places in the body. Over the past few decades cancer has become a very prominent disease. There are many different types of cancer and many different causes for the the disease. Most cancers are because of a genetic mutation. The most common type occur when a cell is dividing. Proto-oncogenes, which are alleles in a normal cells, mutate to form oncogenes. These oncogenes cause cancer because they do not allow the cells to self destruct or become epistatic. There have been several research projects which have been testing epistatis.