According to Ruth Netting, the main objectives of the Tethered Satellite System (TSS) experiments were: to test the engineering performance of the TSS, study the electro-magnetic forces at work with the TSS, examine the dynamical forces acting on the TSS, and verify the possibility for the use of tethered satellite systems on future craft, such as the International Space Station (2013). The TSS-1 experiment was flown on the STS-46 mission in 1992, but the satellite only went 840 feet before a protruding bolt caused the reel to jam (Wall, 2011). The experiment was then re-flown on STS-75 as TSS-1R, but the tether severed before the experiment was completely deployed (Wall, 2011). However, TSS-1R was able to collect data as it was being deployed, and, according to Mike Wall, it generated 3,500 volts and up to 0.5 amps, indicating that the experiment was successful up to the point the tether broke (2011).
To upgrade this experiment for long duration, a few things need to be done to ensure its safety and longevity. Research done on the severed tether of TSS-1R revealed that the reason for its failure lied in its construction. First of all, air bubbles trapped in the tether were released through tiny pinholes in the insulation upon deployment, and this trapped air became ionized during the experiment, causing the tether to melt (Stern, 2001). Additionally, the tinsel strength from the tether came from strands of Kevlar, and when those melted, the remaining strands were not sufficient to hold the tether together, and it snapped (Italian Space Agency, n.d.). To solve this problem, both the insulation and the amount of Kevlar strands would be doubled, and the tether would be exposed to the space environment before producing electricity....
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Netting, R. (2013, April). TSS. NASA Science Missions. Retrieved February 16, 2014, from http://science.nasa.gov/missions/tss/
Stern, D. P. (2001, November). The Space Tether Experiment. GSFC.NASA.gov. Retrieved February 16, 2014, from http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/wtether.html
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Wall, M. (2011, July). Trying out a 13-mile space tether. 6 Cool Space Shuttle Science Experiments. Retrieved February 16, 2014, from http://www.space.com/12150-6-coolest-space-shuttle-science-experiments.html
Chris Hadfield grabbed the interest of many people while he was on the International Space Station.
The Challenger shuttle crash was a crash that touched the hearts of every American due to the televised coverage and the relate ability of the crew. There was concern from the engineers that the unusually cold weather the morning of the launch could have adverse affects on the rubber O-rings that sealed the joints of the shuttles solid rocket boosters. The cold weather on the morning of January 28, 1986 caused the O-rings to tear and leak fuel from the boosters. (Dunbar B, 2005)
middle of paper ... ...2014. The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. The "NASA History" Congressional Digest 90.7 (2011): 196-224. Academic Search Premier -. Web.
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He used a comparison pattern to describe telegraph invention with the internet, and how was more important to invent this device similar to the internet invention. Reading through the book gives a different criterion of the implementation and evolution of the telegraph device in Europe and United States. Although Standage’s book lacks deep technical aspects, he tells the story of telegraph invention in simple and interesting chronical way. In fact, he started his first chapter by mentioning the rumors of inventing a magical device to transfer letter between people mile apart in the late of the sixteen century. By 1791 two French scientist brothers Claude and Rene Chappe invented the first version of the Telegraph. The working principle of this device was mechanical and optical, which had failed in the dark. The Chappe brothers continued their trials until 1793 they succeeded to invent the first dependable device to transmit messages over long distances. At this time, the telegraph first named tachygraph from the Greek word tachy which means fast, then they changed to telegraph. The new invention became fully operational by 1794, where it played an important role to send a report of the capture of town from the Austrians and Prussians. The success of using the telegraph in civilian and military matter encouraged Napoleon to build wider telegraph network by 1804. During the nineteen century, the telegraph machine evolved to a wider global communication network to cross the continents especially in England and the United States, where Samuel Morse developed a newer version of the telegraph by
Launch of the herms in 1976 was world’s first direct to home experimental telecommunication satellite.
The idea that a satellite could be put into orbit around the Earth was introduced to the scientific community in 1903. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky showed that this could be done, but his work was all mathematical. In 1948, another Russian named Mikhail Tikhonravov talked to the famed scientist Sergei Korolev about turning this theory into an actual working device. Tikhonravov presented his ideas to the Academy of Artillery Sciences, but they refused to support the project. The Academy president Anatoli Blagonravov, however, could not get the idea that the project would have huge value out of his head. Eventually he brought the p...
Redd, Nola T. "Space and NASA News – Universe and Deep Space Information | Space.com." Space.com. Space.com, 08 Mar. 2013. Web. 26 Mar. 2014. .
Macdonald, L., Parkes, W., Starkey, S., Rapke, J. & Zemeckis, R. (2012). Flight. United States:
middle of paper ... ... NASA Marshall. Marshall: Launching the Future of Science and Exploration. 15 February 2010 http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/home/index.html>. NASA Public Affairs.
(Source K) Flowers, Sarah. “Understanding: Space Travel.” Rev. of Understanding: Space Travel. PoQuest. N.p., Aug. 2000. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. .
have the capability to let you talk with someone across the nation or let you
shielding would enable a twelve month trip to and from Mars, only exposing the astronau...
Schultz, James. "Force Fields and 'Plasma' Shields Get Closer to Reality." Technology 25 July 2000: 20 pars. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. .
Space has always been a pivotal and utmost important subject for many years. In the past, scientists have made monumental advances in this field such as sending people into orbit and landing a man on the moon. Of course, this has only barely been explored and we still have a lot more to see of the ever-vast outer space. One of the most significant topics of all of science has only been touched and there’s still more to come.