Baking Soda and Vinegar: Limiting Reactant Lab Background The limiting reactant of a chemical reaction is the substance that places an upper bound on the amount of product that the reaction can produce. The limiting reactant places this upper bound because the reaction must stop once all of the limiting reactant is consumed. If the relative amount of reactants is altered, then the limiting reactant may change accordingly. For example, a balanced chemical equation of a certain reaction specifies that an equal number of moles of two substances A and B is required. If there are more moles of B than of A, then A is the limiting reactant because it is completely consumed when the reaction stops and there is an excess of B left over. Increasing the amount of A until there are more moles of A than of B, however, will cause B to become the limiting reactant because the complete consumption of B, not A, forces the reaction to cease. Purpose How does increasing the amount of baking soda affect the amount of carbon dioxide produced? Hypothesis If the amount of baking soda is increased, then the amount of carbon dioxide produced will also increase up to a certain point, at which the amount of carbon dioxide will remain constant because the vinegar has become the new limiting reactant. Materials Reaction container, such as 500 mL vacuum flask with stopper Tubing to connect flask to gas collection set up 1000 mL graduated cylinder Gas collection box Baking soda Vinegar Water Balance Scoop Procedure 1.Mass out desired amount of baking soda. Each subsequent trial will use one gram more. 2.Put baking soda into reaction vessel. 3.Measure 40 mL vinegar. 4.Completely fill 1000 mL graduated cylinder with water. Half fill the ... ... middle of paper ... ...e data quality. Furthermore, using a graduated cylinder with markings below the 100 mL line would have allowed for more accurate measurements of the initial volume of air in the graduated cylinder. In addition, the data points were quite far apart. Having more intermediate data points would have enabled the scientists to more accurately model the continuous nature of the data with a discontinuous series of points. Finally, stopping the flask more quickly would have allowed less gas to escape. Using a mechanical solution that could stop nearly instantly would have been ideal. The most important concept that should be taken from this lab is that the limiting reactant restricts the amount of product possible from a reaction. Increasing the amounts of other reactants will not increase the amount of product, but increasing the amount of the limiting reactant will.
2. Drop a gummy bear into each of your prepared beaker or cup and place the beaker or cup
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is a colorless gas, which was first discovered in 1577 by Van Helmont who detected it in the products of both fermentation and charcoal burning. CO2 is used in solid, liquid, and gas forms in a variety of industrial processes. These include: beverage carbonation, dry ice, welding and chemicals manufacturing. It is produced by the combustion of all carbonaceous fuels and can be recovered in an abundance of ways. It is widely used today as a by-product of synthetic ammonia production, fermentation, and from flue gases by absorption process. CO2 is also a product of animal metabolism and is important in the life cycles of plants and animals. It is present in the atmosphere only in small quantities (.03% by vol.)
In this experiment, there were several objectives. First, this lab was designed to determine the difference, if any, between the densities of Coke and Diet Coke. It was designed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of several lab equipment measurements. This lab was also designed to be an introduction to the LabQuest Data and the Logger Pro data analysis database. Random, systematic, and gross errors are errors made during experiments that can have significant effects to the results. Random errors do not really have a specific cause, but still causes a few of the measurements to either be a little high or a little low. Systematic errors occur when there are limitations or mistakes on lab equipment or lab procedures. These kinds of errors cause measurements to be either be always high or always low. The last kind of error is gross errors. Gross errors occur when machines or equipment fail completely. However, gross errors usually occur due to a personal mistake. For this experiment, the number of significant figures is very important and depends on the equipment being used. When using the volumetric pipette and burette, the measurements are rounded to the hundredth place while in a graduated cylinder, it is rounded to the tenth place.
= = = == I predict that as the concentration of the hydrochloric acid decreases the rate of reaction will decrease and therefore the time taken for 75ml of gas to be released will increase.
The goal of this lab is to apply principles of the ideal gas law to solve for n or the number of moles carbon dioxide produced, and compare the amount found using the ideal gas law to the actual amount. In order to complete this lab it's necessary to understand the apparatus below. By filling the Erlenmeyer flask completely full with water the mass of CO2 gas in the top of the flask can be determined. Since the combination of sodium bicarbonate and oxalic acid produces CO2 gas, this gas then moves from the gas generation bottle into the tube connected to the pneumatic trough. This gas then moves through the hole in the trough into the Erlenmeyer flask. The gas rises to the top and then pushes the water down and out. By measuring
...he experiment consisted of two jars, one jar was filled with vinegar and the other jar had bicarbonate soda and vinegar in it. The bi-carb soda caused the temperature to rise. This is concerning because the sea temperatures are also rising. Healthy sea temperature is vital to reef building and controls the speed of coral reef development. Escalating sea temperature is endangering distribution and diversity of marine life.
carbonate and hydrochloric acid,. I will look at the various factors. affecting the reaction and select one variable to change, while the others keep constant in order to carry out a detailed investigation. Formulae = ==
There is also the potential of human error within this experiment for example finding the meniscus is important to get an accurate amount using the graduated pipettes and burettes. There is a possibility that at one point in the experiment a chemical was measured inaccurately affecting the results. To resolve this, the experiment should have been repeated three times.
In this experiment, the calcium carbonate was in the form of marble chips. The calcium carbonate reacted with hydrochloric acid when the acid was poured into marble chips. Due to calcium carbonate’s higher reactivity, it displaced hydrogen in the hydrochloric acid. As a result, products of calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and water were formed. As the chemical reaction occurred, the water in the measuring cylinder was displaced and gas bubbles that were blowing out represented carbon dioxide.
One vital process in the human body observed in chemistry is the idea of chemical kinetics. Chemical kinetics is the study of the rate of reactions, or how fast reactions occur.1 Three factors that affect chemical kinetics are concentration, temperature, and catalysis. As the concentration of a substance increases, the rate of the reaction also increases.1 This relationship is valid because when more of a substance is added in a reaction, it increases the likelihood that the
The Environmental Issues Raised by the Disturbance of the Natural Balance in the Level of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
During the last century, burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil has increased the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. This happens because the coal or oil burning process combines carbon with oxygen in the air to make CO2. To a lesser extent, the clearing of land for agriculture, industry, and other human activities has increased concentrations
The molecular formula of carbon dioxide is CO2. Carbon dioxide is a naturally produced nontoxic gas that has no smell. Carbon Dioxide is the most abundant greenhouse gas on the planet next to water vapor. In solid form it is commonly known as dry ice. It is a gas that is mandatory to the survival of most, if not all, living organisms on this planet. Terrestrial animals naturally create carbon dioxide in their lungs when the breathe out Humans alone do not physically or directly need carbon dioxide to survive though. Humans need carbon dioxide to survive because it feeds the plants which produce oxygen for us to breathe. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere also allows for a warmer temperature so that conditions on Earth allow it to be inhabitable. Today we hear that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is becoming a problem even though it is a naturally occurring gas. This is because humans have been interfering with the natural cycle of carbon dioxide.
To control the rates of chemical reactions is imperative to the continued existence of our species. Controlled chemical reactions allow us to move forward in society, constantly. We find new ways to provide light and heat our homes, cook our food, and pursue in crafts that benefit our society. There are, however, just as there are advantages, disadvantages to the efficiency of controlling the rate of reactions, which in some cases can be fatal to our scientific development and progression. The growth of humankind necessitates that we must be able to control the rate of chemical reactions.
tube. Add 6 mL of 0.1M HCl to the first test tube, then 0.1M KMnO4 and