In the article, A forgotten moment in physiology: The Lovelace Woman in Space Program, the authors discussed the genesis of the development of programs for sending women to space. In the field of astrology there is a lack of women. The article explains the programs that were created to promote the increase of women as astronauts. The programs that were established included: Women Air Force Service Plot, Woman in Space Earliest, and Woman in Space Program. With several experiments researchers concluded that women would be more suitable in space rather than men.
The programs were created to help give women the chance to go to space. The programs were created in the nineteen-sixties. During the nineteen-sixties there were many inequalities for
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There were various programs that were created in the nineteen-sixties for the expansion of women in astrology. The programs developed conducted many experiments that produce evidence that supported women would be good astronauts. Although the evidence support women as astronauts there were few organizations that actually supported the programs with funding. The perspectives of women, during the nineteen-sixties, was also not in support of the programs. “The vision of Lovelace and Flickinger to launch the Woman in Space Program in 1959 was remarkable. The program was launched by investigators intent on furthering science and practical solutions to real problems (e.g., weight and propulsion power requirements) being faced by the burgeoning space program. Their approach was to determine the best individuals for the job, regardless of gender. However, the cultural norms and gender roles of the time made the implementation of such a program practically impossible, even though the women seemed qualified. It was only through the ingenuity of Lovelace and the willingness and enthusiasm of these women that the program was able to advance as far as it did.” This is an example of why it is imperative for there to be programs for minorities. Programs help build a foundation for minorities to growing in fields that are not
middle of paper ... ...2014. The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. The "NASA History" Congressional Digest 90.7 (2011): 196-224. Academic Search Premier -. Web.
Rossiter, Margaret W. (1982). Women Scientists in America: Struggles and Strategies to 1940. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Space travel began in the 1960s with sending humans on single missions into space. Rockets launched into the air and just the tip would land in the ocean after parachuting back to Earth ("Space Shuttle Program," par. 4). The focus of space exploration changed during the 1980s; shifting from the desire for human space flight to the desire to create a reusable spacecraft. Originally called Space Transportation System (STS), NASA created the Space Shuttle Program (SSP) (Heiney, par. 1-2). It wanted a shuttle that was more economical because it could be launched, landed and relaunched and could gather better information. The 1980s began a new era in space exploration and had one the biggest tragedies in the history of space travel.
In documents two and five the women’s interests in science, as well as their need for some sort of education were expressed. Document five simply explains that women, as well as men, can hold an interest, as well as succeed in science. In document two, written by Marie Meurdrac, a French scientist, the statement was made that “minds have no sex, and if the minds of women were cultivated like those of men, they would be equal to the minds of the latter.'; This was a very interesting document to examine. Being that it was a passage from the foreword to her text “Chemistry Simplified for Women';; the second earliest out of all the documents (1666), it was quite a revolutionary idea for that time. It explains a key fact about women participating in the field of science at that time. It talks about how a women, as well as a man, can aspire to become a scientist.
Blasting off into space was once an all-male’s game. But on the heels of such trailblazers as Sally Ride, engineer and inventor Ellen Ochoa became part of growing breed of NASA female astronauts who have since helped change all that. Ellen Ochoa, a veteran astronaut, is the 11th director of the Johnson Space Center. She is JSC’s first Hispanic director, and its second female director. In 1993, she made history by becoming the first Hispanic woman from any country to travel in space. She would follow up this journey with three more space flights in 1994, 1999 and 2001, logging more than 700 hours in space. Despite being rejected two times from NASA’s Training Program,
I. Colin Powell said, “A dream does not become a reality through magic; it takes sweat, determination and hard work”. This quote is the perfect one to describe Katherine Johnson because when she first got into NACA, they would not let women in the meetings they had to discuss the process of their projects or of their future projects. With her determination, Katherine was let into the meetings and thanks to that, she was able to do what she did. Because of all her hard work, Katherine Johnson has been recognized for doing the calculation that sent the first American to space, and overcoming the barriers of being an African American woman. (THESIS).
One of the strongest women scientist/astronomer was born in 1818 as Maria Mitchell whom led an unbelievable life and had an incredible discovery. Maria Mitchell was born when women were not given the opportunity to vote nor did women have the same equal rights as men did, but given her circumstances of her father being a principal, founding his own school and being a distant family member of Benjamin Franklin she was given the same rights as the men did. Given a few obstacles she led an extraordinary life and became the first woman in America to work as an astronomer professionally, which she than later received an award personally from King Frederick VII, for her work and discovery.
It is within man’s blood and nature to explore, and space is our next New World. Man’s first achievement in space travel was the launch of the Sputnik on October 4, 1957. For the next decades, space travel was roaring like a rocket, fueled by man’s desire to explore, man’s desire for knowledge, and man’s desire to beat his enemies. However, these impulses have died out as the well of government funding has been diverted to wars and debts, and the interest of the American people has been diverted to wars and debts. Amidst all these issues it is debated as to whether or not space travel is worth the money and the attention of scientists, particularly since humanity faces so many issues on earth currently. However, because of the past inventions, current services, and future benefits, space travel is indeed worth the money and attention of governments and people. It is within our hands to control man’s advancement, and space travel is the next venue to do so.
...woman by pursuing a career in the predominately male field of astrology and excelling. The “standard candle” of measurement, known as the period-luminosity relationship, developed through her study of Cepheid variable stars allowed us to view the universe like never before and forever changed the way we look at the cosmos.
Humans have dreamed of leaving the earth and traveling space for many years, and up to this day they have taken many steps in the right direction. Yet, with every new frontier they approach, new problems loom over the horizon. All problems involved with space exploration may not directly involve space itself. Many of those problems surface right here on Earth. Some of the easier issues have been resolved, such as escaping the forces of gravity to reach outer space. More of these problems are far more arduous and the solutions need more time to be worked out properly. In “The Coming Schism” by James E. and Alcestis R. Oberg, humans have already begun colonizing space, yet there are still new problems arising. Major problems such as financing, communication and culture conflicts are important in the journey to space, because they all have the potential to disrupt progress.
In Star Trek, women are either glorified or detested yet still marginalized, revealing the sexist dichotomies of the 60s due to cultural imagination and perception of women’s roles of the time period. During this time period, women were unable to achieve high ranking, especially as a woman of color Lt. Uhura is a great example of the hope for women in society to become equal. A basic limitation of sex binary can be underscored by an analysis of the experiences of women of color in particular cultural contexts and at various historical
Valentina Vladimora Nikolayeva Tereshkova was the first woman to enter into space. She joined a Soviet training program in the year 1961 and two years later she successfully orbited the earth 48 times in the Votsok 6.
Katherine began working in aeronautics as a “computer” in 1952, and after the formation of NASA, she began performing calculations that sent astronauts into orbit and to the moon in the 1960s. She was later put in charge with determining how to get a human into space and back. Katherine later learned that calculating space flight came down to the basics of geometry
Carol B. Muller, “The Underrepresentation of Women in Engineering and Related Sciences: Pursuing Two Complementary Paths to Parity.” National Academies Press (US); Web. 2003.
Augusta Ada King or Count of Lovelace was born with the name Augusta Ada Byron but who’s now known as Ada Lovelace was born on December 10th, during the year of 1815. She was born in London and died November 27th, in 1852. She was the daughter of a famous poet known as Lord Byron. Ada is reflected to have printed instructions for the first computer program in the mid 1800s. She was best known for being a skilled mathematician.