The scope of the study The Informants have been selected from APIIITs. This study has been restricted to the analysis of 30 informants, out of which 19 are male and 11 are female. All the conclusions of the study are strictly based on, and limited to the data recorded and collected from the selected thirty informants. The intonation patterns of the specimens are done purely based on the auditory impressions of the recorded data. Procedure In describing intonation patterns of the Informants, Received Pronunciation has been taken as the standard for purposes of comparison because of the following reasons. • British English is considered to be intelligible all over the world. • Books and audio materials are based on this variety are available worldwide. Choice of the Speakers The informants were selected from speakers of both English and Telugu medium backgrounds. They all belong to different places in Andhra Pradesh and they are all working at APIIITs, from each APIIIT, 10 informants were selected. These places are as follows: a. APIIIT-I: Idupulapaya or Rajiv Gandhi Valley, Y.S.R.District ( Kadapa). b. APIIIT-II: Basara (Adilabad District). c. APIIIT-III: Nuzvid (Krishna District). Data For this study, a contextually rich dialogue has been selected, this dialogue has been taken from “Clear Speech: Pronunciation and Listening Comprehension in North American English” by Judy B. Gilbert (CUP 1984, 1993).” Though we have taken a dialogue from North American English text, the intonation marks which we used for original text are based on British English (RP). Meaning of Intonation The vocal cords are capable of vibrating at varying rates. Now, the number of cycles per second (cps) at which they vibrate is called the f... ... middle of paper ... ... Edward Arnold (publishers) LTD, 1965. 12. Gimson.A.C. A Practical Course in English Pronunciation, Edward Arnold, 1975. 13. Halliday, M.A.K. A Course in Spoken English Intonation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970. 14. Halliday, M.A.K. Intonation and Grammar in British English. The Hague: Manton, 1967. 15. Jones Daniel. An Outline of English Phonetics. Cambridge: Heffer. W& Sons LTD, 1960. 16. Kingdon.R. The Ground Work of English Intonation. Longmans, Green and Co, London, New York, Toronto, 1965. 17. O’Connor.J.D. Better English Pronuncitation.CUP, 1967, 1980. 18. Sethi.J. and Dhamija.P.V. A Course in Phonetics and Spoken English. Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi, 2007. 19. Wells. J.C. English Intonation: An Introduction.CUP, 2006. 20. Yardi.V.V. English Conversation for Indian Students. Longman: Orient Longman Private LTD, 1970.
This chapter focused mainly on misconceptions and attempting to clarify those misconceptions about accents. In the opinion of linguists, accent is a difficult word to define. This is due to the fact that language has variation therefore when it comes to a person having an accent or not, there is no true technical distinction because every person has different phonological aspects to their way of speaking. However, when forced to define this word, it is described as “a way of speaking” (Lippi-Green, 2012, p.44). Although Lippi- Green identified the difficulty linguists have in distinguishing between accent, dialect, and another language entirely, they were able to construct a loose way of distinguishing. Lippi- Green states that an accent can be determined by difference in phonological features alone, dialect can be determined by difference in syntax, lexicon, and semantics alone, and when all of these aspects are different from the original language it is considered another language entirely (Lippi-Green, 2012).
Seikel, J. A., King, D. W., & Drumright, D. G. (2010). 12. Anatomy & physiology for speech,
Vaux, Bert, and Scott A. Golder. "Dialect Survey Results." Harvard Dialect Survey. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. .
McMillan, Norman. Flannery O’Connor Bulletin: Department of English and Speech. Milledgeville, GA: Georgia College, 1987.
This research is intended to analyze the transcript of a child’s speech. The target child is a female named Majorie who is 2 years and 3 months old. The transcript is from The Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. The linguistic aspects that will be examined are the phonological processes of the child including speech errors, syllable shapes, and her phonetic inventory consisting of manner and place of articulation. Included in the analysis will be her stage and development of lexical knowledge and what words she uses.
New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 113-117. 160. The syllable of the syllable. Perterson, L.K., & Cullen, Cheryl. 2000. The.
Peter R. Mitchell and John Schoeffel. New York: New Press, 2002. 135. The syllable of the syllable. Loewen, James.
Cerjak ,The English Journal, Vol. 76, No. 5 (Sep., 1987), pp. 55-57 Published by: National Council of Teachers of English
Garrett (1975) represented four characteristics of slips of the tongue. The first one is that the exchange exists between linguistic units of the same positions. For example, initial linguistic segments are replaced by another initial linguistic segment. The same generalization is applied to the middle and final linguistic segments. Additionally, slips appear in similar phonetic units. This means that that the consonants are replaced by consonants and vowels are replaced by vowels. Furthermore, the slips occur in similar stress patterns, which signifies that stressed syllables are replaced by stressed syllables and unstressed syllables are replaced by unstressed syllables. Finally, slips of the tongue follow the phonological rules of a language (cited in Carroll, 2007, p. 195).
The voice is our primary mean of communication and expression. We rarely last more than a few minutes without its use whether it is talking to someone else or humming quietly to ourselves. We can use the voice artistically in many ways. For example, singing carries the rhythm and melody of speech. It creates patterns of pitch, loudness, and duration that tie together syllables, phrases and sentences. We use the voice for survival, emotion, expression, and to reflect our personality. The loss of the voice is a severe curtailment to many professions. It is affected by general body condition which is why we need to consider the location of the larynx and how that organ produces voice. Surprisingly, this complex biological design is mechanical in function. It is mechanical to the point that when it has been excised from a cadaver and mounted on a laboratory bench, the larynx produces sounds resembling normal phonation. (Titze, Principles)
Soderstrom (2007) found that ID speech is present in most spoken languages. She also found that ID speech is characterized different properties that include prosodic, phonological, and syntactic properties. Prosodic properties of ID speech include higher pitch of the voice, varying the pitch of one’s voice, elongating vowels, and lengthening the pauses between words in a sentence. Many researchers suggest that these prosodic properties grab the infants’ attention and hold their attention. Phonological properties of ID speech include differences in voice onset time distinction and exaggerating certain words in a sentence. Soderstrom found varying opinions on whether or not the phonological properties were actually helpful in language acquisition. Syntactic properties of ID speech include shorte...
To be sure, readers from different backgrounds can "hear" different voices in a text. Readers who are initiated in a particular literary environment may find the prosodic features they hav...
Consonants are described in accordance with three main parameters and any change in one of these parameters can result in a change of the sound and this leads to a change of the meaning of words. It is defined as the point where the airflow is obstructed and where a sound is produced (Ahmed, 2004: 17). The place of articulation (Makhraj) is defined as the point where the sound is produced (Al-Bisher, 2000: 180). There are many terms of the place of articulation as “MaKhraj”, initiator (Al-Mubda), the flow (Al-Majra) which is used by many classic Arab phoneticians. While the modern phoneticians use the terms” the place or point of articulation" and “the location of articulation” (Al- Joburi, 2004: 2-5).
1.2. PHONOLOGICAL BACKGROUND. This part of the first section presents the inventory of Hasawi phonemes as a good reference for Results section.
113-117. 151-195. The. English: A Linguistic Tool Kit, (2012), (U214, Worlds of English, DVD ROM), Milton Keynes, The Open University. English in the World, (2012), (U214, Worlds of English, DVD ROM), Milton Keynes, The Open University.