Infant-Directed Speech and Its Effect on Language Acquisition

Children often put together or combine two or more separate language in their utterances. Therefore, language mixing is a phenomenon of bilingual and happens in young children. The aim of this paper is to provide further evidences on the result of Lindholm and Padilla (1977) study in the article “Language Mixing in Bilingual Children”, and these evidences agreed with their study. The study reveals that bilingual children differentiate their two languages when they are increased the age. Extending of their research, the result provides that most English words appear in Spanish utterances of Spanish-English children when bilingual children mix language at lexical, phonology and phrasal level.

Analysis Children who received a cochlear implant in appropriate time are more likely to achieve age appropriate spoken language.  Article 2 “Age or experience? The influence of age implantation and social and linguistic environment on language development in children with cochlear implants” Method Children who’d had implantations at different ages were examined, follow ups on linguistic progress were done 12,18,24 &30 months later. Parents helped fill the questionnaire. Results Children who ha... ... middle of paper ... ... period-period of heightened sensitivity to learning language Cochlear implant-an electronic device that can help provide a sense of sound to a hearing impared individual Language-a rule governed communication system Reference group-a group to which another group is compared to Reference Nicholas,J.G.,& Geers,A.E.

This provides evidence that infants are able to detect which phonemes, which can alter the meaning of words, are meaningful for their own language. Infants also execute phonetic learning using statistical learning; they become sensitive to the distribution of frequencies of the sounds in their everyday language between the ages of six to twelve months. Social interaction is another mechanism that aids in language acquisitio... ... middle of paper ... ...igners result in aphasia just like they do in people who speak. Another finding is that sign language processing is different than gesture processing in general. One study showed greater activation in the left perisylvian regions and the left frontoparietal network for ASL signs than for transitive and grooming gestures.

Serial-order short term memory predicts vocabulary development: evidence from a longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 46(2), 417-427. Swingley, D. (2008). The roots of the early vocabulary in infants' learning form speech. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17(5), 308-311.

The International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 11(1), 1-29. Webster, R., Erdos, C., Evans, K., Majnemer, A., Kehayia, E., Thordardottir, E., et al. (2006). The Clinical Spectrum Of Developmental Language Impairment In School-Aged Children: Language, Cognitive, And Motor Findings. Pediatrics, 118, e1541-e1549.

Oral communication is a multisensory approach since it uses both auditory (hearing) and visual cues. While children are learning to talk they will rely on their residual hearing, speechreading, and sometimes touch. According to Tye-Murray (2009) children in oral educational programs are more likely to achieve better speech intelligibility than children in total communication programs. Tye-Murray (2009) also states that several studies have shown children who use a cochlear implant and are in an oral-communication program develop better speech and language skills, as well as better speech perception than children who communicate with sign. ... ... middle of paper ... ... children with cochlear implants: Achievement in an intensive auditory-oral educational setting.

Language Development When it comes to the effects of gender on language development, one of the most frequently asked questions is: do males and females develop language differently? Studies have shown both similarities and differences between male and female language development. Apel and Masterson (2001) explain that both genders acquire language skills along the same timeline and that both become active, engaging conversationalists. Although research has shown both similarities and differences in language development, pertaining to gender, a major influencing factor has come from parents. Observations have shown that during the different stages of language development, parents tend to use different types of language with males than with females, which continually affect an individual throughout his or her entire life.

Zimmerman, Christakis, and Meltzoff (2007) studied the effects of media viewing on language development in children under 2 to see if this, as a part of nurture, has a negative consequence on language. A random sample of 1008 parents and their children was included in this study about the effect of media exposure on infants’ and toddlers’ language development. The types of media were categorized into 4 groups: children’s educational, children’s noneducational, baby DVDs/videos, and grownup TV. The study controlled for race/ethnicity, time spent in daycare, household income, parental education, and most importantly parental interaction with their children in the areas of reading, storytelling, and music. This study measured infants’ and toddlers’ language development using the short-form Communicative Development Inventory (CDI).

"What Bilingual Toddlers Hear and Say: Language Input and Word Combinations." Communication Disorders Quarterly 21.1 (1999): 32-38. Print. Restrepo, M. A., A. P. Castilla, P. J. Schwanenflugel, S. Neuharth-Pritchett, C. E. Hamilton, and A. Arboleda. "Effects Of A Supplemental Spanish Oral Language Program On Sentence Length, Complexity, And Grammaticality In Spanish-Speaking Children Attending English-Only Preschools."

In addition, the paper seeks to establish how age and experience affects this process. These two factors will help correlate visual preference with cognition and perception in infants. The paper will mostly focus on how infants process stimuli with respect to visual preference. Visual Development in Infants Visual awareness in humans can affect social interaction and knowledge formation. It has always been thought that adults possess better vision than children.