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Essays on indigenous knowledge
Essays on indigenous knowledge
Essays on indigenous knowledge
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India is a country I knew very little about before enrolling in this course. I knew nothing of pre-civilization history, nor did I know the contributions that India made to the formation of other civilizations. I chose India as the topic of my essay and I will covering the migration to 1000 B.C.E. of this country. I wanted to expand my knowledge on a diverse country. I wanted to choose a country that would broaden my knowledge and outlook on Middle Eastern culture. In my opinion the best way to understand something is to start from the beginning. Throughout this essay I will reference the text for this course. I will also reference outside sources which I used to further my knowledge on the many developments that occurred in this country. My goal for this essay is to spread the knowledge I have obtained on this country, as well as enhance your perspective of India. …show more content…
Because of the size, there are many artifacts that have yet to be discovered. Artifacts found in India date back to the pre-civilization era. There are not many artifacts that support this era, however archeologist have discovered enough artifacts to compose a theory of the history of early humans in this area. It is believed Homo erectus inhabited what is now known as India 500,000– 200,000 B.C.E. from Africa. Some archeologist believe Homo erectus originated in South and West Asia and actually migrated to Africa. A Homo erectus is an adaptation of homo sapien, which are referred to as the “thinking man” according to page 4 in the
Australopithecus afarensis who existed 3.5 million years ago and a 4.4 million year old skeleton of an Ardipithecus ramidus are the closest science has come to discovering the human lineage. Shattered Ancestry an article written by Katherine Harmon discusses the remains of two hominids found within Ethiopia. These skeletal remains have created a huge controversy within the topic of evolution questioning many assumptions that have been made referencing the human lineage. The skeleton of the Australopithecus afarensis was named Lucy and was discovered in 1974. The evidence of her walking upright on her two feet essentially guaranteed her a spot in the human lineage line. Lucy was a chimplike ape that was said to walk upright making scientists believe the human ancestry was simple. The complete skeleton found in Ethiopia of an Ardipithecus ramidus named Ardi completely changed all assumptions made from scientists about the complexity of the human lineage. These remains have encouraged researches that the human line is not the only lineage to have evolved but the chimpanzee line has undergone drastic changes as well. There are many traits that researchers have always directly linked to the human lineage however since these discoveries occurred researchers are reconsidering. The recent discoveries that have shattered what has always suggested what linked a species to the human lineage have changed the certainty of whether it is possible to confidently identify the human’s last common ancestor. Majority of scientist had forgotten that there would have been many hominid species living together at one time. New theories have been suggested since scientists revealed that the foot of a hominid found called the Burtele site was found ju...
Coffin, Judith G., and Robert C. Stacey. "CHAPTER 18 PAGES 668-669." Western Civilizations: Their History & Their Culture. 16TH ed. Vol. 2. New York, NY: W. W. Norton &, 2008. N. pag. Print.
The expansion of the Ottoman Empire established global networks of trade and cross-cultural exchange. By the fifteen century people of...
Indian society was patriarchal, centered on villages and extended families dominated by males (Connections, Pg. 4). The villages, in which most people lived, were admini...
Afterward, he revealed to us within a half million years, Homo ergaster or Homo erectus started to become apparent in East Africa. Later on, modern humans- Homo Sapiens, arrived eventually. Furthermore, learning how humans lived earlier in comparison today is much more complex. Each culture, religious practices, appearance, characteristics, and norms are different from this present day. (Christian 14-15).
The chapter starts with the kingdoms of Islamic and Hindu, and it begins with the quest for the centralized imperial rule. Starts with talking about the tension among regional kingdom in North India, and how the Nomadic Turks was mixed with Indian society. However, the Harsha Kingdom temporarily restored and unified rule in
I would like to conclude by stating that this paper is an attempt to understand in depth the basic values, social norms,traditions and history of my culture; the culture of India. Research on this paper enlightened me on India's war laden past, evolving traditions, regional diversity, but , national unity and reconfirmed my own identity. Respect for one's own culture leads to acceptance and regard for other cultures'.
I often like to say I was born on the Silk Road. Similar to this ancient phenomenon, my identity grew upon the cultural transmission routes across the world by accepting the gifts of its trade. My journey upon the road sources itself on the coast of the Yamuna Rivers, in a town named Aligarh. My passport undeniably marks me as Indian, and I am named as such wherever I go, yet India isn’t the first picture in my mind when I think of the comforts of home, yet it is still a part of me. It’s a gateway to my ancestors, religious customs, celebrations, social practices and beliefs. In essence, when I want to look closer within myself I often reflect off the fruits of trade upon which my Indian background has blessed me. Noteworthy are the folk tales of my esteemed Rajput ancestors that my grandmother whispered in m...
Indian history provides umpteen examples of mobility of people that undoubtedly was motivated by varied interests, facilitated the cultural exchanges with the rest of the world. Bhabha remarks in his Location of Culture: “The transnational dimension of cultural transformation -- migration, diaspora, displacement, relocation – makes the process of cultural translation a complex form of signification. The natural(ized), unifying discourse of nation, peoples, or authentic folk tradition, those embedded myths ...
Throughout the long winding road that is human evolution; many species have helped shape who we are today. There was the early Australopithecus africanus which began to walk bipedally-upright with two feet and the Homo habilis which drastically developed the construction of handmade tools. But there is one species who is to be credited for the most critical advancements in human evolution; Homo erectus. Not only did Homo erectus advance us the most biologically, but also the most geographically.
Parsis form a dwindling community of fewer than 1,25,000 people worldwide, most of whom are concentrated around Bombay. (Vinodhini, 1) During the 7th century, they had fled Iran to avoid conversion to Islam. India had offered them a home free from religious persecution. Most of the small community rose to affluence by working as tradespeople. Under Prime Minister Indira Gandhi’s first term (1971-1977), India remained their safe haven, but they were marginalized as nationalized banks seized their enormous share of the banking industry. During this time period, Gustad Noble from Such a Long Journey finds the Parsi cultural identity intensifying his community’s problems, adding to the already anxious and insecure mood of pre-war India. Nevertheless, it remained the community’s great source of pride, with their strong devotion to Zoroastrianism guiding them through arduous times.
The settlements of the Indus civilisation were either destroyed or abandoned by about 1750 B.C. to be rediscovered only three thousand years later. What happened after the collapse of this rich civilisation is one of the most intriguing questions of human history and centres around the Aryan problem. Who were the Aryans where did they come from, what was their original language these are questions over which there have been many debates and much written. But more the debate, more the mystery seems to deepen. One of the major question regarding the Aryans in India revolves around whether they arrived from outside or were indigenous people According to some scholars, we nee not look outside India for their origin and that the Aryans predated and not succeeded the people of the Indus civilisation According to others, including Max Muller the Aryans had their original home in Central Asia from where they migrated due to climatic and other reasons. In support of their theory, they point out the similarity be tween the language of the Rig veda.
The concept of orientalism refers to the western perceptions of the eastern cultures and social practices. It is a specific expose of the eurocentric universalism which takes for granted both, the superiority of what is European or western and the inferiority of what is not. Salman Rushdie's Booker of the Bookers prize winning novel Midnights Children is full of remarks and incidents that show the orientalist perception of India and its people. It is Rushdie's interpretation of a period of about 70 years in India's modern history dealing with the events leading to the partition and beyond. Rushdie is a fantasist and a creator of alternate realities, the poet and prophet of a generation born at the degree zero of national history. The present paper is an attempt to study how Salman Rushdie, being himself a writer of diasporic consciousness, sometimes perceives India and its people as orientalist stereotypes and presents them in a derogatory manner.
Waïl S. Hassan,(2003). Gender (and) Imperialism: Structures of Masculinity in Tayeb Salih's Season of Migration to the North. Sage publications. Retrieved from jmm.sagepub.com at University of Balamand.Dec, 2013. dio: 10.1177/1097184X02238529.
“The only people for whom we can even begin to imagine properly human, individual, existences are the literate and the consequential, the wazirs and the sultans, the chroniclers, and the priests—the people who had the power to inscribe themselves physically upon time” (Ghosh 17). History is written by the victorious, influential and powerful; however, history has forgotten the people whose voices were seized, those who were illiterate and ineloquent, and most importantly those who were oppressed by the institution of casted societies. Because history does not document those voices, it is the duty to the anthropologist, the historiographer, the philosopher as well as scholars in other fields of studies to dig for those lost people in the forgotten realm of time. In In An Antique Land, the footnotes of letters reveal critical information for the main character, which thematically expresses that under the surface of history is something more than the world can fathom.