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Ethics in health care sector conclution
Ethics in health care sector conclution
Ethics in health care sector conclution
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In a recent article from St. Paul Pioneer Press (http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505245_162-57348681/drug-company-money-on-rise-for-2-minn-clinics/), the University of Minnesota and the Mayo Clinic came under public scrutiny after it was revealed that they received $650,000 between them in 2010.
Gift giving has always been a touchy subject in the medical industry. Various articles have been written regarding the subject exploring the benefits and its disadvantages. But the tug of war between ethics and the effects of commercialism has yet to be seen in the stand of medical institutions and health care providers.
In 2008, Fortune 500 magazine reported the Pharmaceutical Industry as one of the top three most profitable industries in America. This should not come as a surprise since there will always be sickness and disease and as a necessary consequent there will be patients who will need medicine for these illnesses. “It is a lucrative industry that utilizes different strategies to gain revenue.” said James Rhee, a professor in the Department of Physician Assistants Studies of Eastern Virginia Medical School, when he described the industry in his article in the Internet Journal of Academic Physician Assistants(http://www.ispub.com/journal/the-internet-journal-of-academic-physician-assistants/volume-7-number-1/the-influence-of-the-pharmaceutical-industry-on healthcare-practitioners-prescribing-habits.html). Business is business for these large pharmaceutical industries and they employ marketing techniques that will ensure their profitability. In realizing these gains, Pharmaceutical companies employ variations on the tried and tested theme of gift giving.
GIFT GIVING, IS IT APPROPRIATE?
As early as 2003, Arnold Relman a Harvard ...
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...dress conflict of interest issues, key people in strategic position like the director of the office of institutional compliance at the University of Minnesota, Lynn Zentner had this to say: “An unmanaged conflict is a problem,” “Having a conflict of interest is not.”
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Works Cited
(http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505245_162-57348681/drug-company-money-on-rise-for-2-minn-clinics/),(http://www.ispub.com/journal/the-internet-journal-of-academic-physician-assistants/volume-7-number-1/the-influence-of-the-pharmaceutical-industry-on healthcare-practitioners-prescribing-habits.html),(http://www.bmj.com/content/326/7400/1189.extract),(http://www.twincities.com/ci_19619583?source=pkg),http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/45796673/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/drug-company-money-rise-minn-clinics/#.TwFJtDX9Mlc)
Mr. Walgreen knew if he was going to be successful in the pharmacy business, he had to learn as much as he could from other pharmacists. Mr. Walgreen worked a series of jobs with the top leading pharmacists named Samuel Rosenfeld, Max Grieben, William G. Valentine, and Isaac W. Blood. However, Mr. Walgreen found that these pharmacists were teaching him old fashioned complacent methods of running a drugstore. He asked himself, “where was the selection of goods that customers really wanted and what about the customer service?” Mr. Walgreen c...
The New England Journal of Medicine. Ethical Physician Incentives-From Carrots and sticks to shared purpose. 14 Mar 2013. 20 Mar 2014. Web. {http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1300373}
Sarah Averill wrote this website article February 25, 2011, for the purpose of providing information to readers about the ethical issue behind gift giving. She also wanted provide readers with evidence on why gift giving in the pharmaceutical industry is unethical.The audience of this article are people in the medical field and a general audience of people who work and faces the dilemma of gift giving.
This evidence can be seen from the results of Mott’s study. 94.1% of pharmacists surveyed responded that they wanted the same or less dispensing in their jobs, while 61.9% wanted more time for consultation. This increase in patient-centered care has been shown to reduce stress and increase job satisfaction among pharmacists. In Munger, 57% of pharmacists thought about quitting their position at least yearly and approximately 50% of respondents stated they intended to look for a new position. As job satisfaction continues to decrease among pharmacists, it is important for management to be aware of these trends and take appropriate action to improve pharmacists’ work environment and promote patient
Pharmacists have training and expertise in medication therapy as well as patient care capabilities to assess and respond to patients’ health care and drug-related needs. Pharmacists are important members of the health care team. Pharmacists are well accepted by general people as healthcare personnel who provide knowledge about medication to patient (Perepelkin, 2011) but they also acquire knowledge and training to asses and respond to patients’ healthcare and drug related need. So prescribing is a logical extended role of pharmacist. It is assumed that medicine and dentistry professions dominate the prescribing activity but some other health care professionals such as optometrists, podiatrists, midwives, and nurse practitioners have been granted prescribing rights (Sketris, 2009). It is suitable for pharmacist to expand their professional role by adopting prescribing because they have skill and knowledge to initiate, monitor and adjust drug therapy and develop patient-centered care. As a result to an expanded scope of pharmacy practice, pharmacists in several Canadian, American, and British jurisdictions can prescribe medications (Tonna, Stewart & McCaig, 2008).
The first social problem surrounding the health care system in the United States is the growing problem with pharmaceutical companies. The industry averages a 17% profit margin and it has been booming for decades, but the industry is being heavily led by a core group of companies (Dr. Pratt). “In 1992 the top 10 companies accounted for roughly one-third of global pharmaceutical revenue, after a period of consolidation, by 2001 the top 10 accounted for nearly half.”( Leon-Guerrero, Zentgraf, 172). These companies hold a large majority of the market share and make most of their money off patented drugs. This growing core of companies that are dominating the market are causing more problems rather than solving them. These companies are all about making as much money as they can and it shows through the salaries of the executives of these companies (Dr. Pratt). The pharmaceutical industry should have their number one priority be to the users of their products rather than profit gains.
In this diverse society we are confronted everyday with so many ethical choices in provision of healthcare for individuals. It becomes very difficult to find a guideline that would include a border perspective which might include individual’s beliefs and preference across the world. Due to these controversies, the four principles in biomedical ethic which includes autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice help us understand and explain which medical practices are ethical and acceptable. These principles are not only used to protect the rights of a patient but also the physician from being violated.
The paper looks at the physician’s code of ethics that has a direct impact on efficient and ethical health care delivery. The conduct as used by ACHE is applied here.
The purpose of this paper is to study the culture of gifting and gift-giving. By utilizing the social, personal and economic dimensions of gifts, this paper focuses on the motivations of givers and symbolic representation of gifts for them through the use of gift-giving literature as well as an exploratory study.
Being a pharmacy technician, I have had an opportunity to work with pharmacists in order to understand how to be a pharmacist. I have learned that pharmacists play a vital role in the healthcare system because of the information and remedies they provide to their patients. Moreover, I have seen how they are not only “a chief of preparer of drugs” (Edward Kremers and Glenn Sonnedecker, 11) but also a bridge between physicians and patients. I participated in an event which showed me how significant pharmacists are. This event happened when I dispensed the medication for my patient and asked him if he had any questions for the pharmacist about his eye drops. He looked at me with stunned eyes and said that he had an otic infection, not an optic infection.
Utilize Pharmacist expertise – In a Connecticut study, Pharmacist worked with Medicaid patients to help manage the patient’s medications. “The pharmacists found 917 drug therapy problems, resolved almost 80% of them after 4 encounters, and saved an estimated $472 per patient on medical, hospital, and emergency department costs.” (Results) Accountable Care Organizations are using Pharmacists to help resolve the two most common drug therapy problems 1) additional drug therapy is required for prevention, efficiency or palliative care. 2) drugs need to be calibrated in order to achieve the intended therapy
Hospitals and physicians started to see people’s illnesses as a “payday”. Instead of healing patients, pharmaceutical companies and hospitals created unnecessary means to objectify patients into receiving continual treatment, whether they necessarily need the specific treatment or not. As patients, we see doctors as honest and fair valuing their advice unsuspecting that they are overpricing, and/or over treating us for a pay increase. In the book An American Sickness: How Healthcare Became Big Business and How You Can Take It Back (2017) author Elisabeth Rosenthal shared a thought-provoking statement addressing that, “Many Patients can’t shake the idea that the one-on-one relationships with doctors that once earned the profession our respect and allegiance may no longer be medicine’s driving force” (eg. 204). As patients when doctors recommend a procedure, drug, or treatment we tend to not give it a second thought. Primarily because as patients we cannot fathom the idea that the doctors we have grown to love may not have our best interest as their first
It is evident through ancient writings that forms of healing were present as far back as is recorded. Medicine, healers and forms of payment seem to have played an important role in the past, like they do now. However, over the centuries changes have taken place. From the time of Galen in ancient Rome to the 14th and 15th centuries in England the relationships between doctors and patients have evolved, along with the way medicine is defined and practiced. Specifically I would like to focus on forms of payment and their effect on the doctor-patient relationship and how payment and the practice of medicine have changed over time. These changes led to a healer-patient relationship that was not as personal as it was in the time of Galen. Instead of the healer playing the role of a friend helping his neighbor, we find that being a doctor became a form of trade and the doctor started selling his services for money.
Medicine, medical supplies, and medical treatment are multi-billion dollar industries crucial to the wellbeing of the public. Doctors and other members of the health-care industry do their best to provide excellent care for the nation’s sick and injured, while scientists and researchers work to develop new drugs and technologies to fight disease. We often view medical care as a basic human right; something that all persons, rich or poor, should have access to in times of need. But despite our notions of what healthcare should be, those who make a living in this industry, specifically owners of firms, must contend with the same economic questions facing businesses in any industry. To learn more about this vast service industry, I interviewed Dr. Martin Slez, a dentist/oral surgeon and owner of a medical practice that provides both general care and specialized treatments for oral diseases. Of the topics discussed, firm goals, pricing, costs, and technology stood out as particularly interesting and unique facets of the organization, as they differed considerably from those in other industries.
Gift- giving is defined as something given voluntarily without payment in return, as to honor a person or an occasion or to provide assistance. Psychologists found that giving gifts is a surprisingly complex and important part of human interaction, helping to define relationships and strengthen bonds with family and friends. Indeed, they say it is often the giver, rather than the recipient, who reaps the biggest psychological gains from a gift. This was proven true as I spent time making and physically giving presents to my teacher and students to remember me by. The joy I got after is what made going the extra mile worth it.