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3. Assess the main points of Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory
Similarities and differences between Erikson and Piaget’s theories
Similarities and differences between Erikson and Piaget’s theories
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Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory
Jean considered himself a genetic epistemologist that focus on “How we come to know.” Piaget theory proposed by various stages of a child where transition from one stage to the other follows a sequence. While some of his ideas have been supported through more correlational and experimental methodologies, others have not. For example, Piaget believed that biological development drives the movement from one cognitive stage to the next. Data from cross-sectional studies of children in a variety of western cultures seem to support this assertion for the stages of sensorimotor, preoperational, and concrete operations (Renner, Stafford, Lawson, McKinnon, Friot & Kellogg, 1976).
Eric Erikson’s Psychosocial
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He asserts that the environment interacts with an individual to influence the development. In each of the phases, one encounters crisis and success depends on how he handles the challenges. Skills acquired in progression to another stage lessen insecurity in the individual. These challenges occur in the lifespan from infancy to older age of an individual. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development looks into thought processes of a person. His emphasis is mainly in the earlier stages below the age of twelve. Development of cognitive skills occurs from infancy to the operational phase (above 12 years of age) where abstract thoughts make sense. Naming of the stages represents the cognitive skill attained in the child and adult. Despite the use of stages, they both differ on the timing aspect; Erikson’s theory holds that the first stage ends at one year old while Piaget postulates that the first stage ends at two years of …show more content…
Cognitive development also takes place with language being understood in the early years while abstract thinking occurs at adolescence. Social development and emotional expressions also accompany people in development while security and safety at younger ages leads to a better outlook on the surroundings (Rathus 507). 320 pp., $25(c) Copyright 2004. The Christian Science Monitor
Conclusion
Piaget and Erikson contributed a lot in the field of development psychology. Though drawing inspiration from diverse sources in the 20th century, their contributions cannot be ignored despite the time gap. In conclusion, the paper highlighted similarities as well as differences between the two stages. Stages were the main focal points of the theories with each preceding stage unique from the next. My conclusion is that Piaget and Erikson are focusing on the same genetics and that is how we are developing. I really don’t see a whole lot of differences in them.
Works Cited
Rathus, Spencer. Childhood and Adolescence: Voyages in Development. New York: Centage learning, 2010.
The first of Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development is the sensorimotor stage. The approximate age of this stage is from birth to two years
This cognitive development theory is known as “Stage Theory,” a comprehensive set of observations made by Piaget that detail four stages in which human intelligence development occurs (Huitt et al 2003). Rooted firmly in evolution and biology, Piaget’s Stage Theory articulates key differences in the growth of individual’s throughout their early life. He believed that everyone passes through the four stages in exactly the same order. The stages are as follows: The Sensorimotor Stage, The Preoperational Stage, The Concrete Operational Stage, and the Formal Operations Stage (Woolfolk
The father of the cognitive epistemology is Jean Piaget. This men born in Switzerland in 1896 and die on 1980. His parents were Arthur Piaget, who was Swiss and Rebecca Jackson who was French. Piaget develop an education theory in which one he suggest the children past by 4 different stages on their mental development and explains the way to understand and acquire the knowledge.
Many people have made astounding contributions to the school of psychology. One of them was Jean Piaget and his theories on the cognitive developmental stages. Jean Piaget was born in Neuchatel, Switzerland on August 9, 1896. He received a doctorate in biology at the age of 22. When he was younger, he became instantly interested in psychology and began researching and studying it. In Piaget’s research, he created an inclusive theoretical system for the development of cognitive abilities. His work was similar to Sigmund Freud, but Piaget focused on the way children think and obtain knowledge. At the age of ten, he wrote his first scientific paper. As a young teen, he was publishing papers in earnest. He was considered a great expert in the field.
Jean Piaget was one of the most prominent researchers of the 20th century in the field of psychology and human development. He concentrated his attention on the biological influences on the psychological portrait of the person and developmental stages. Piaget pointed out that the development of a person passes through certain stages; each stage can be characterized by specific features. He argued that learning about the world was possible through personal experience. However, his inspiration of developing the idea of cognitive growth and changes of people came while researching child behavior. Moreover, it is important to note that his research was based on the observation of behavior of his own three children (Berlin, Zeanah & Lieberman, 2008).
Piaget’s Cognitive Development theory states that as children are adapting to the world they go through four stages that include: sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operational stage, and formal operational stage. Each stage is very different according to Piaget. Cognitive theories focus the attention on conscious thoughts which means someone is more aware of their surroundings. Erik Erikson psychosocial theory differs from Piaget’s in a several ways. Erik Erikson believes people develop in psychosocial stages, which his theory consists of eight stages. Erikson’s theory states it is the main way connect with other people. Erikson says the first five years of life are the most important part in development and each stage has
The theory of cognitive development was created by Jean Piaget. Piaget can be classified as both a constructivist and a developmental theorist. This theory describes how the quality of children’s thinking changes over time, and how a child makes a mental model of the world. Piaget disagreed with the idea that intelligence is a fixed trait. Piaget believed that a child’s cognitive development was a process, and that there were four factors that affect the quality of children’s thinking as they grow; as well as four stages of qualitatively different types of thinking through which children progress towards adulthood.
For this paper I will be exploring Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Swiss Psychologist Jean Piaget, theorized that children progress through four key stages of cognitive development that change their understanding of the world. By observing his own children, Piaget came up with four different stages of intellectual development that included: the sensorimotor stage, which starts from birth to age two; the preoperational stage, starts from age two to about age seven; the concrete operational stage, starts from age seven to eleven; and final stage, the formal operational stage, which begins in adolescence and continues into adulthood. In this paper I will only be focusing on the preoperational stage, a stage of development that focuses on what children are not able to do yet. Piaget stated that during this stage, children do not yet understand concrete logic, cannot mentally manipulate information, and can’t see the point of view of other people. Form this stage Piaget was able to develop the concept of conservation, “the awareness that altering an objects or substances appearance does not change its basic properties (Santrock, 2013)”. Children lack the understanding that things appear different to other people and that objects can change in appearance but still have the same properties.
Jean Piagets developed a theory known as the cognitive development theory. In this theory he explains how children are able to develop intellectually throughout childhood. He did not believe the idea that children were simply mini adults but instead believed that the way children think is very different to the way adults think. He suggested that cognitive development is a process that occurs when children actively construct their knowledge based on their experiences and interactions in their world moving through four different stages of mental development. These four stages are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational period.
Piaget was originally trained in areas of biology and philosophy and considered himself a kinetic epistemologist. He was mainly interested in the biological influences on how we come to know. He believed that what distinguishes human beings from other animals is our ability to do abstract symbolic reasoning. Piaget¡¦s theory, first published in 1952, grew out of decades of extensive observation of children, including his own, in their natural environments as opposed to the laboratory experiments of the behaviorists. Although Piaget was interested in how children reacted to their environment, he proposed knowledge as composed of schemas, basic units of knowledge used to organize past experiences and serve as a basis for understanding new ones. Schemas are continually being modified by two complementar...
“The principle goal of education in the schools should be creating men and women who are capable of doing new things, not simply repeating what other generations have done; men and women who are creative, inventive and discoverers, who can be critical and verify, and not accept, everything they are offered” (Piaget, pg 1). Jean Piaget was known as one of the most famous theorist. This famous theorist was born in Neuchâtel, Switzerland on August 9, 1896. Piaget was successful from a young age. At just the age of 11, he attended Neuchâtel Latin High School then continued on to college at the University of Neuchâtel where he studied Zoology. During this time, Jean Piaget took a semester and committed to strictly studying psychology, where
Jean Piaget had many studies relating to how the mind worked with objects and how the brain developed. He came up with stages of cognition development that was and still can be considered how the mind cognitively develops among children. Piaget wanted to test an idea that while the child is developing, they have no idea of object permanence until a certain stage and cannot move on from the first stage until object permanence is developed. Piaget tested this idea using his own three children. Jacqueline was born in 1925, Lucienne in 1927 and Laurent, born in 1931 were Piaget’s test subjects. Piaget studied his own children by observing them naturally how they were raised to test object permanence.
Thus, these two theories have both similarities and differences in the way in which they describe human development. The theories of Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg contributed greatly to the field of psychology. They are similar in some ways and distinct in others, but both theories served to lay the foundation for a major facet of modern developmental psychology.
Every human being goes through many stages and challenges throughout their lives. Psychologist and theorist are important in human development, as they would produce an insight understanding about the lifespan changes on each individual. Development is where an individual goes through each stage to adapt on their environment. People in the society share similar experiences and challenges however, because of stages of development we find our own way to cope up with all of our adversities, which makes each individual unique. Throughout the human development the key domains focuses on Physical, Cognitive, Emotional, Social and Moral domains that is associated with theories. The theories include Piaget, Frued, Erickson, Bowlby and
One hundred years ago, Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was a young man developing new insights about learning. He was one of a handful of constructivist-minded writers and educational theorists of the time. Learning theories open educators up to new ideas. They are necessary to expand our knowledge of how learning works. Piaget’s work is a well-tested and educators around the world should be aware of Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive development in particular because it will improve the quality of their teaching. Once a teacher knows this theory, they can plan lessons appropriate to their students’ cognitive ability and build upon students’ earlier knowledge in a constructivist way.