The metals analyzed were Cadmium, Copper and Lead. All the selected metals were present in water, sediments and fish samples from all the study sites.
The heavy metal concentration in water does not exceed WHO guidelines. This finding was in agreement with (Ozturk., Ozozen., Minareshi., & Minareshi, 2009).
Cadmium concentration from Florema, Sher Karuturi, Flamingo and Malewa River exceed the WHO limits for sediments. Discussion already existing. The fish cadmium levels were lower than the WHO standards but the samples taken from Oserian and Sher Karuturi were close recording levels of 0.074 and 0.079 respectively. The finding is in agreement with the results of a study carried out in Awassa and Koka Lakes in Ethiopia where the Cadmium levels in sediments were higher than in fish samples (Dsikowitzky., Mengesha., Dadebo., Eduardo., Calvalho., & Sindern, 2012).
Copper is a vital element necessary for normal organism development, growth and metabolism. The uptake of Copper is regulated by physiological mechanisms according to nutritional demand through homeostatic control. At high concentrations, Copper becomes toxic to the body. Copper concentrations from Malewa River, Flamingo and Sher Karuturi exceed the WHO limits for sediment in contrast to (Ozturk., Ozozen., Minareshi., & Minareshi, 2009). Copper concentrationsin fish were below the WHO standards but samples from Malewa river, Flamingo, Florema were relatively high compared with the other sites. copper was also the most dominant metal in fish with the highest concentration (34.36) recorded at Malewa River
Lead concentrations in sediments were below WHO limits but samples from Malewa River, Oserian, Florema and Sher Karuturi recorded relatively high concentrations at 29.69,...
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...heavy metals in water samples and in fish tissues of edible fish species from Awassa and Koka Rift Valley Lakes, Ethiopia. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment .
Javed., M., & Usman, N. (2011). Accumulation of heavy metals in fish: A human health concern. International Journal of Environmental Sciences .
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Muiruri, J., Nyambaka, H. N., & Nawiri, M. P. (2013). Heavy metals in water and tilapia fish from Athi-Galana-Sabaki tributaries, Kenya. International Food Research Journal , 891-896.
Ozturk., M., Ozozen., G., Minareshi., O., & Minareshi, E. (2009). Determination of heavy metals in fish, water and sediments of Avsar Dam Lake. Iran Journal of Environmental Health, Science and Engineering , 73-80.
Acknowledgements: Slides of dead fish courtesy of OKDEQ. We would like to thank our students Trevor Nance Jr, and Matt Ward for their help in the laboratory sample preparations. We would also like to thank OKDEQ (Chris Armstrong) and EPA Region 6 (Rick McMillin) for their patience.
Lead is a common metal found within the earth, it’s is widespread and is found in many of the materials that we use today. Products including paints, toys, medicines, pipelines, and manufacturing equipment. Yet, in recent news, it has been the cause of environmental contamination and human health conditions. Our average day drinking water has been contaminated by lead due to the lead pipes that we have relied on to deliver our resources. Lead has become both a blessing and a curse to the population.
Edgar Allan Poe has been debated to be the author of the most dark and horrific pieces of literature. He was favored by many for his complex pieces of literature that have ultimately impacted the world of literature today. However, Poe’s pieces of work did receive harsh criticism before and after his death. Because Poe was generally known for his thought-provoking short stories, his short stories often received mixed reviews. One of Poe’s most arguable short stories is “The Fall of the House of Usher”. This short story was “regarded as an early and supreme example of the Gothic horror story” (Plot Summary: "The Fall of the House of Usher"). Poe himself described this piece as “arabesque” due to its ornate prose (Plot Summary: "The Fall of the House of Usher"). However, many critics disagreed with each other on their views of “The Fall of the House of Usher”.
Ronad A. Hites, Jeffery A. Foran, David O. Carpenter, M. Coreen Hamilton, Barbara A. Knuth, Steven J. Schwager (2004) study: Global assessment of organic contaminants in farmed salmon, Science 303:226-229.
I did my primary source analysis assignment on the song “Born in the U.S.A” by singer and songwriter Bruce Springsteen. After listening to this song I analyzed what I thought that it meant. This song has a very clear meaning. It is an anti-War song, speaking of the memories and heavy heartache of a man returning from War after experiencing a personal loss not just as a citizen but also as a recruit. This song describes how he was unemployable for "doing the right thing". Springsteen basically wrote this song about the problems Vietnam veterans tend to encounter when they returned to America after serving their time. Vietnam was the first war the United States did not win. While veterans of other wars received a hero's welcome and a nice pat on the back, those who fought in Vietnam were very much ignored when they returned to back to the United States.
The study was done to see the zebra mussel mercury concentrations by comparing a lake with indirect atmospheric mercury concentrations and a lake that had mercury discharges. The difference in the seasons caused a higher result of Zebra Mussel THg concentrations. The connection of water column THg to zebra mussel THg prove that zebra mussels are a good source of measurement for the mercury concentrations of aquatic life. It can also be used as a successful bioindicator for contaminations of mercury in marine ecosystems. They continue to grow and develop in very polluted area, which makes them a great measurement of biological contaminated in areas that are polluted.
Methylmercury Contamination in Fish, CSA - Discovery Guides. 2014. Methylmercury Contamination in Fish, CSA - Discovery Guides. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/mercury/review5.php. [Accessed 04 April 2014].
Based on our assessment of Talbot County, Georgia, we believe the following two community nursing diagnoses are valid for members of the community: physical inactivity related to lack of knowledge as manifested by Talbot County’s obesity rate of 34.7% and physical inactivity related to limited community resources as manifested by lack of safe exercise facilities, sidewalks and parks with walking trails. While both community nursing diagnoses are pertinent to Talbot County, we believe physical inactivity related to lack of knowledge as manifested by Talbot County’s obesity rate of 34.7% would be given the first priority. Without any understanding of the importance of physical activity community resources may not be utilized. Therefore, educating the community on the importance of physical activity cannot be stressed enough. Based on a study conducted, knowledge deficits were linked to a lack of physical activity in socially disadvantaged communities (Clark, 1998). Unfortunately, rural communities tend to have lower education levels (Clark, 1998). Rural Georgians are less likely than their counterparts to complete high school or to complete a bachelor’s degree (Vinson, 2013). In Talbot County, only 47.2% of the population graduated from high school, 20.6% had some college or an associate’s degree, and only 5.1% had a bachelor’s degree (Vinson, 2013). Also contributing to the lack of knowledge on the importance of physical activity is limited community health resources to facilitate adequate health education on lifestyle activities that promote physical activity within Talbot. Talbot County’s Health Department consists of only one nurse daily and a nurse practitioner who is only available on...
Metals, such as Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Silver (Ag), Manganese (Mn), and Iron (Fe), in excess over a prolong period of time, can cause health issues. The presence of metals such as Copper can cause pipes and showers to turn green. Manganese causes dark spots on fixtures. According to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), “Lead is toxic metal that was used for many years in products found in and around homes. Even at low levels, Lead may cause a range of health effects including behavioral problems and learning disabilities.” (EPA.gov Retrieved Sep. 11 2015 from
Pollution is one of the problem touching the African continent all in the name of existence. In defining pollution I can say it is the introduction of pollutants into the natural environment that causes an adverse change. Because of pollution African individuals are fronting lots of difficulties in their lives, troubles such as sicknesses. There are many types of pollution i.e.: air, land and water pollution. In explaining the above mentioned types of pollution, air pollution is the detoxification of our air by unsafe elements such as carbon monoxide and random particles. Water pollution, it can be well-defined as any chemical, physical or biological change in the excellence of water that has a dangerous consequence on any breathing thing
A strong relationship exists between chronic ingestion of Arsenic and deleterious human effects. This heavy metal is known to cause very harmful effects, even at lower concentrations, in humans. Some of the many effects of arsenic include numerous skin defects, bladder and lung dysfunctions, neurobehavioral and neuropathic effects, infant and fetal death, spontaneous abortions, hormonal effects and the highly occurring condition known as arsenicosis, a chronic illness. No known cause of arsenic toxicity, as of yet, compares to the levels of exposure through the drinking of water, for example, in the case of Bangladesh, as this region comprises hubs of concerns for groundwater.
Water quality concerns have plagued the country for decades. During monsoonal flooding events, surface waters become contaminated with waterborne diseases and runoff from commercial pesticides. Conversely, groundwater is contaminated by naturally occurring arsenic, leaving the 166,280,712 inhabitants at risk of arsenic poisoning and cancer7. Reports of arsenic poisoning are concentrated in the Ganges Brahmaputra Delta (GBD) region of Bangladesh.
Water pollutants are of different types such as oxygen demanding wastes, disease causing agents, synthetic organic compounds, plant nutrients, inorganic chemicals and minerals, oils, thermal discharge and radioactive wastes. Of all these water pollutants, heavy metals and synthetic organic compounds cause majority of water pollution. Industries like paper and pulp, tanneries, textiles and coke ovens, pha...