Literature Review Section
This section discusses the research related to reduce the wastage of blood products including blood bank inventory management, various policies and methodologies used for blood bank centers of United States as well as in other parts of the world. The concepts and tools applied to these studies are directly relevant and correlate with my research project. Therefore, I have decided to discuss on these articles for my Literature Review section.
I. Overview of a Redistribution System for Near-Outdate Red Blood Cells Units
In March 2006, Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine published an article regarding redistribution system of near-outdate RBCs Canada. Many remote hospitals in northern Alberta of Canada stored small on-stocks of RBC units for emergency issues. In Canada, the blood supplier does not accept any returned units into inventory due to concerns of storage and security of units. The discard rate of RBC units was quite high even the stock level was very small. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to transport near-outdate RBC units to a high-usage hospital site resulting in reducing overall discard rates. The chance of using near-outdate units to high usage hospital is more prior to expiry. This would decrease the discard rate within the entire community serviced by the blood supplier.
The proper blood transportation system was developed and validated in order to transfer the near-outdate units to these high-usage hospitals. The transport temperature of each box was monitored and recorded by thermometer. Standard operating procedures and forms were developed and distributed to each site. Staff members were provided with proper training and demonstration of performing the pr...
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...oratory should consider electronic crossmatching procedures, as they help to maximize the product in available inventory.
5. The NBA also proposed implementing nationwide BloodNet Fate module (the national online ordering and inventory management system). It enables the laboratory staff to easily report discards for all blood and blood products. It will provide a complete data set to analyze and identify trends and reasons of discards. The BloodNet provide the set of reports of inventory levels, unit discards and associated costs.
6. The collaboration of the existing inventory management projects with the Blood service and National Blood Authority enables better practice inventory management. Documenting and promoting existing better practice in inventory management through the development and dissemination of studies provides improvement in techniques and tools.
Another consideration that the clinic should take into account is the external environment. The seasonal patient volume and the bank agreement may be the main aspects of concentration. Although the relationship between the bank and the clinic is defined in the case, Alpine Clinic should consider alternative solutions or alternative organizations to finance its needs. Also, the clinic should estimate the possible changes in the economic environment in the next years and the impact of them in the serving population of the clinic.
Harmening, D. M. (2005). Modern Blood Banking & Transfusion Practices. Philidelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Company.
In 1954, the first organ transplant was conducted successfully in the United States. (Clemmons, 2009) Nowadays, the technology of organ transplant has greatly advanced and operations are carried out every day around the world. According to current system, organ sales are strictly prohibited in the United States. (Clemmons, 2009) However, the donor waiting list in the United States has doubled in the last decade and the average waiting time for a kidney is also increasing. (Clemmons, 2009) In the year 2007, over 70,000 patients were on the waiting list for a kidney and nearly 4500 of them died during the waiting period. In contrast to the increasing demand for kidney, organ donation has been in a decrease. (Wolfe, Merion, Roys, & Port, 2009) Even the government puts in great effot to increase donation incentives, the gap between supply and demand of organs still widens. In addition, the technology of therapeutic cloning is still not mature and many obstacles are met by scientists. (Clemmons, 2009) Hence, it is clear that a government regulated kidney market with clear legislation and quality control is the best solution to solve the kidney shortage problem since it improves the lives of both vendors and patients.
Blood donations were being made on a regular basis come the 1900’s, yet the donator had to be present to give the blood directly to the recipient due to the accelerated coagulation of blood once it mixed with the open air. To rectify this problem hematologists started adding sodium citrate to the blood of the donator which would in turn delay the coagulation process by a few days. This allowed for the first storing of blood and introduced the term “Blood Bank”. Dr. Bernard Fantus, the director of the Cook County Hospital in northern Chicago, IL spearheaded this discovery. He thought by lowering the temperature of blood that it would lower its metabolism and thereby prolong its vitality. Unknowingly, Dr. Fantus created the first Blood Bank within the United States which would in turn change the course of medicine and human mortality forever. With this new leap forward in modern medicine, blood donations in the United Sates were at an all time high during the 20th Century due to WWI and WWII. Blood transfusions saved the life of countless individuals participating in the war efforts. The Red cross reported that they alone were “distributing 40 percent of the Countries blood supply”. Alongside aiding with the war efforts, blood transfusions also carried an array of health benefits as
The only way hospitals can receive blood is through blood donations. About 34% of the population is eligible to give blood but, as I wrote earlier only 10% of those actually do donate. The possibility of someone patient being turned away from getting a transfusion has always motivated me to donate as often as I can. A basic blood donation takes about a pint of the donor’s blood however, the average red blood cell transfusion is about three pints of blood.
It was during this time that doctors and nurses, through experience also demonstrated that blood could be stored and then safely transferred from patient to patient saving countless soldiers’ lives.
This product is being developed to be as an all-purpose red blood cell in which the need for perfectly matching donor to recipient blood would be eliminated. When matching up blood cells they must be identical otherwise the recipient would end up having a serious illness that in some cases are fatal. The all-purpose blood cell acts like a sort of camouflage to the body’s immune defenses that prevent it from being rejected. Even the manner in which the blood donors are now screened has effectively reduced the risk of diseases such as HIV and Hepatitis C from being transfused from person to person. Advances such as these continue to be made in every effort to improve the way blood is donated and received by both the patients and blood
It begins with the confirmation of the donor identification and blood unit identification. Then the blood unit is assigned a “unique” unit number which is used to identify the blood components, blood samples and other documentation purposes of the blood centre. Blood bags, the equipment used for phlebotomy, must fulfil the standard specifications for blood donation and must be checked for use for sterility, expiration date, and appearance of the anti-coagulant solution, any possible leakage and any defects in the
However, first I explained that by establishing an effective inventory management system, Nike would see an improvement within its supply chain and customer demand. First, I explained the replenishment method, and, I voiced my concerns about implementing this. While cost effective, the challenge with the replenishment model is that the product inventory can go from 15 to 0 within the span of a few minutes. Therefore, I could find no good reason to implement this element of an inventory management system. Thus, certain Nike products sell out within minutes of launching, therefore, the replenishment model would not be effective. However, Mark suggested that the joint replenishment component might work. Regrettably, I had to point out that one of the main requirements of this system is that external demand must be met. Consequently, it would not work because Nike would have a difficult time meeting the demands. Thus, Mark agreed and we continued to the next management systems (De Kok, & Inderfurth,
Whether it be helping others that need a blood transfusion, or a supplemental source of income, donating plasma is an extravagant process that takes more effort than the normal citizen realizes. Previously I have explained the entirety of the donation procedure, including the waiting room ordeal, the donating, and then the end stages of the process. This information was presented so that others curious about plasma donation can vicariously live the donation process, and get a feel for what really goes on in the Biolife Plasma Center.
The collection process is very unpredictable, and is probably the biggest obstacle. Because the amount of blood collected in each birth varies, when it is performed, doctors and nurses hope for a “big collection”, which for them is only about 2 ounces. The more blood collected, the more stem cells there are available to grow new blood in another person. Time is another crucial factor. Research shows that immediately after the cord is cut, blood can start clotting and this reduce...
In the case study Blood for Sale, Sol Levin, the founder of Plasma International, is seen participating in a highly controversial act: buying and selling blood for profit. In this paper, I will show the advantages and cons of taking part in commercial transactions in blood from the egoistic, the utilitarian, and the Kantian perspectives as well as my stand on the company’s actions.
Inventory management can enhance the efficiency in operation of the supermarket. Supermarket must ensure that the correct levels of inventory are being maintained throughout the store, and that merchandise is purchased at the best price point as possible. Holding too much inventory on hand generate costs like carrying costs. Whereas having too little inventory on hand makes customers dissatisfied and it leads to declining
Blood safety is an important issue. People end up needing blood transfusions for many reasons that all mean they have already entered the medical system needing care for injuries or disease, yet there is a risk that their treatment can hurt or even kill them. Public health has made tremendous strides in blood safety over the past few decades, but there is still more that needs to be done. Because of how broad the donation system is, individual treatment of these adverse reactions is not a good preventative measure and instead this must be seen as a public health issue. Increased reporting, studies, and analysis should be done to decrease the number of adverse reactions to blood and blood products.
... will check to avoid all the risks that might occur. And according to professor Nadey Hakim, he believes that there should be a market for the organs instead of the black market (Smith, 2011). This idea will be lowering the problems of the black market or might even destroy the black market. It will be saving many lives and people will know were to go to get an organ they need that is safe without any consequences.