Observation is a powerful learning tool to the children. However, theories argue that it is not the best learning method to develop children cognitive skills. Moreover, observing the poor role model cause children to exhibit the negative behavior. Beside, involvement from adult is needed to encourage children display the desirable behavior. Supporters of observational learning argue that learning by observing the behavior of adults is the best way for children as it is effective and well proven. They say that there is no need for self-action or active engagement in task. These self-action and active engagements will hurt or harm children with negative or bad experience. The negative experience will make them reluctant to do the same things in future. There is evidence that children learn a lot of moral values and positive attributes by observing behavior of adults. We must admit it. However, there is concern among researchers and educators that if children likely to copy adults’ behavior, it means that they have tendency to copy the negative behavior of people close to them or peopl...
For instance you find that when a child is prohibited from touching a certain object they hesitate when trying to touch to see whether there is any one observing them. Therefore, in such cases there is no need of teaching them because it is instinctive. Thus the child is able to make decision even later in life using his knowledge to do what is right or wrong. You find that the choices they make from child hood to adult hood are usually between acceptable and forbidden generous or selfish, and kind or
Social domain helps interact with other classmates. There are many activities that promote the social skills. According to Berger (2015), Social learning theory is the behaviorism that emphasizes the influence that other people have over a person’s behavior. The individuals learn without an enforcement. The individual learns through observation and imitation of other people. This theory is also called observational learning. Children model their behavior from their parents, peers, and famous people. Social learning occurs through modeling in which the child copies what they see on other people they admire. However, there are some children that do the opposite of what a role model is doing. On April 19, 2016, I noticed that Charlotte played with a baby doll. Charlotte was experience social learning Charlotte covers the baby doll with a blanket and surprisingly removes the blanket from the baby doll. When Charlotte took out the blanket, she laughs at the baby doll. It seems like Charlotte was playing peek-a-boo with her doll. By Charlotte plays with her doll, it shows that she learned that activity with her mom/dad. Also, there was an infant called Loui and was playing with Charlotte. Loui laid down on the carpet and moving his hips side to side. When Charlotte saw Loui, she laid down on the carpet and started to do the same thing. They were playing this new game and they were interacting with one
It is often said that human personalities resemble their behavior as a child. Study have shown a strong correlation to how they will behave in the future (resemble adult behavior). However, before children enter into the world, they are immediately taught what to do and what not to do. As researchers Malastesta and Haviland puts it, “children develop the ability to modulate their emotional expression in the course of growing up” (Malatesta and Haviland 1986). According to Malatesta and Haviland “several studies of early mother-infant interaction suggest that young infants are exposed to modeling and instrumental learning conditions during face-to-face play with their mothers; these conditions conceivably constitute the very first occasions for learning display rules.”
In this paper I have learned that children base their actions of off what they learned from their parents. In my findings, I was able to see that Girl 1 treated Girl 2 as her mother would meaning that Girl 1 tended to Girl 2 as if she were a young child and she was an older more mature child. Girl 2 also reacted in a way that is considered aggression to get her way. The most interesting thing to me in all of this observation is that Berger was right in saying that behavior is learned through the actions of their parents (Berger, 200, 2012).
Parental injunctions are also the source of moral imperatives. However, when a parent instructs a child to follow a moral injunction, he is, in fact, doing two things. First, he presents a specific ethical content to be followed. Second, he trains the child to comply with authoritative injunctions per se”. Milgram suggests that when a parent instructs or commands their child about something, they are implying an implicit and explicit imperative. For example, when a parent tells their child not to play too rough with their younger sibling, the child automatically receives two messages. The first is how to treat their younger sibling, and the second implicit imperative, is to obey the command itself. This is only the beginning of many more methods of conditioning a child will experience in their life. For example, when a child emerges out from the nesting of their family, they will enter another system of authority, which is school. At school, a child learns how to function in society, their actions regulated by their teachers. The child will soon grow older and enter the workforce, where their boss must permit everything they say or do. In this way, Milgrim suggests that the very basis of our morals and ideals are innately connected to having an obedient attitude. The groundbreaking results Milgram found from his obedience study can be explained using this view that people are conditioned early on in life to obey authority figures in order to achieve success and acceptance. This can explain why over 50 percent of all participants obeyed the command of delivering severe electrical shocks to someone who they believed was undeserving. It seems that it does not matter whether one is male or female, young
It may be important to observe a child but at the same time it may mislead you into being judgmental, too soon. For instance, if you observe a child misbehaving, not getting along with the other children or talking back to the teacher, you might get the impression that he/she is a 'bad' child and you might treat and act differently with that particular child.
Learning theories: which state how social environment impacts child’s behaviour and they learn from their good or bad experiences.
Sullivan. This proposed that individuals learn values, techniques, attitudes and motives for criminal behaviour through their interactions with others . Believing that group-think can possess a large influence on the behaviour of those around people engaging in criminal behaviour . This theory can easily be associated with Albert Banduras observational learning theory that is based on the importance of social factors in learning . It was believed that the reason people start engaging in criminal behaviour is from the group they are associated with. Both theories highlight the importance of observational learning in the younger age bracket. In the case of the crime previously mentioned the youngest member of the gang of thieves was 11 years old. It can rationally be assumed that an 11 year old child does not possess the knowledge to steal a motor vehicle without the explicit teachings of someone older that does possess this “skill”. This exposure to criminal behaviour normalises wrong doings. The more someone is exposed to anti-social stimuli the more acceptable it becomes in their own social world. While Sullivan’s theory has its strong points it also has its criticisms. This critique stems from the idea of rational thought and individualism. Claiming people are independent thinkers with rational actions and individual motives . However, in Banduras Bobo doll experiment the impressionability of children is highlighted and showed that children exposed to certain behaviour are highly likely to repeat the behaviour themselves. Which would ensure a child being directly taught the adverse behaviour would, in turn, be highly likely to repeatedly engage with the same behaviour
Erikson's third stage of development is initiative verses guilt. In this stage the child must begin to find and show responsible behavior (Santrock, 2010). Instead of imitating other people's actions, they begin to initiate their own behavior. If criticized too much, they may feel guilty about everything they do, because constant scolding may cause them to feel that everything they do will be or could be wrong. This makes them too afraid to take the first step without being given specific directions. However, if too much initiative is acquired the person will not only take initiative, but they will go on with their plans and won't care who they step on as long as they reach their goals (Maianu, 2011). If the right balance between initiative and guilt is found, the individual will find the virtue of purpose. They will be able to feel useful and take the first step towards achieving their goal, without just mimicking others. Parent's can play a huge role in helping their child find balance at this stage. They can help the child find purpose by giving the child a limited a...
These studies say that all actions have a goal in mind. That would affect how children develop moral standards as well. An example of this would be, if a child knew that they were to get rewarded for things similar to potty-training or preforming well in school then they would try to do their best. The child would carry these lessons with them as they grow and mature. In this paper we will be discussing Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, giving insight into what other factors may affect the development of morality, and dissecting parenting placing emphasis on parenting and its effects that it may have. We will also be coving theories that challenge Kohlberg’s and bringing to light what Kohlberg may have missed or
...s in this field. Behaviorism can be used to improve our understanding of children and the learning process. However, factors other than environmental need to be taken into account. Children’s natural curiosity, prior knowledge, and early nurturing also play important roles in how children learn and behave (education website).
Children have been seen to act in a free manner, worrying mostly about themselves, over time learning to consider other’s views and feelings when completing an action. Typical adult actions, however, are almost entirely controlled by thoughts and feelings aware of the world around them. Children act on impulses, while adults have been mentally trained to act against these impulses, acting in a way to appear acceptable in their society, generally. There is a lot of pressure on adults to conform to act a certain way, as there is for children, but only adults feel this pressure. Children are somewhat aware of what they can get away with, as figuring this out is one of the basic ways they learn how to act. By the time they reach adulthood they understand what is acceptable at what times and what is not. Whether they conform to these standards or not is their choice, but they are aware of the fact that the standards do exists. Others around them know that they are aware of this, and have expectations, increasing the pressure to act that way. Children aren’t expected to be as aware, and other’s expectations are lower for them, allowing children more freedom under this pressure. So as children act on their impulses and learn what is acceptable, they begin to understand how to control their actions. This knowledge is always present in their actions as they become adults, as they now wear the pressure of conformity with every step they
Social learning theory is up to bat next. This theory’s primary theorist is Albert Bandura. He was born in 1925 and he is still kicking to this day. which makes him. by default, the most modern theorist we have. The main point to this theory is that you don’t have to directly tell the child what he or she should be doing. They can observe what Mom. Dad. Sister. or anyone and copy that behavior. Which this is a great thing, it truly shows the capabilities of children, and shows they are more observant than a lot of people think. They are just like little sponges. The bad side to this is that they see the good behaviors as well as the bad ones. In a home with bad examples the problem occurs of an endless cycle of bad habits. The pros to this one is it shows the influence society. It shows that society is one of the biggest influences so whe have to start putting more energy into child’s wellbeing. It also explains some behaviors that seem out of place or unexplainable, the child learned them from something they saw. Another cons to this theory are that it puts its primary focus on learning behaviors from others as opposed to genetics or other factors. How to use this in the classroom is fairly simple if you ask me, be a good role model. Not only in the classroom but in all aspects of your life that kids are involved. They are always watching soaking up
In today’s society children are faced with many factors that can influence their behaviour within a care or educational setting. These factors can sometimes enhance a child’s behaviour and in some cases impair or damage how a child learns behaviour.
Nature and nurture both have positive and negative effects on how behavior develops in children. Behavior in children is acquired from family, mainly the children’s parents and behavior can be learned from both family members and frends. Behavior is not only learned and influenced by those two factors; behavior is also learned from outside factors and influences such as: Television (TV) shows