The language of mathematics has been extensively used to describe natural phenomena of the physical sciences in terms of models based on equations. The mathematical language allows logical reasoning over a representation of the physical entities involved in the phenomenon and makes possible to account for the observations made through experimentation.
In designing the mathematical model of a natural phenomenon the first and fundamental step is to define the mathematical variables that play a role in the phenomenon under investigations, according to the goals which the model is built for. For example, to calculate the decay rate of a certain protein, a variable to describe the changes of the protein concentration in the blood can be used. In this case the dynamics of the atoms and the ions is neglected and the information about the folding of the protein itself are lost. The origin of this oversight is related to the basic principle sometimes referred to as the lex parsimoniae most commonly known as the Ockam’s Razor. “Pluralitas non est ponenda sine necessitate” in very simple words states that in the description of a phenomenon, the most useful model is the most parsimonious one in terms of elements used. In this regard, following up the above example, it makes little sense to describe the laws governing the forces accounting for the folding of the protein if we are interested in the half-life of the protein and we can estimate its decay rate by fitting a curve to a set of experimental data about the concentration in the blood of that protein.
William of Ockham was a Franciscan monk and logician who lived in the 14th century in a village of the English county of Surrey. At that time the principle of parsimony in describing and ...
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...f multi-scale modeling avoiding to point to a specific and well-defined method to deal with this matter. Indeed, while there are methods borrowed from other field (e.g., computational chemistry) that can be used in special cases, a well developed mathematical framework that is general enough to account for the extremely large variety of biological phenomena, is still missing. Nevertheless, an interesting attempt in this respect is given in [45] together with two examples showing how to bridge different single-scale models. Extensive readings, including specific examples, can be found in the above-cited reviews and also in [2][24][26][29][31][39] .
It is worth stressing that the important role that the environment has in the dynamics of complex physics and living systems is not considered in this paper. Therefore the contents of the present refers to closed systems.
William was born around 1147 to John Marshall and Sybil of Salisbury during the reign of King Stephen. His father, John Marshall, served as a court officer and eventually earned the status of a minor baron. John Marshall was a shrewd soldier and a skilled negotiator. He was the premier example of lordship in William’s life. William’s relationship with his father would be brief and he would never experience him beyond his childhood. John Marshall died in 1165. John would leave a legacy behind that would influence William’s life and spark the future of his outstanding career both as a soldier and a courtier.
Boardman, Phillip C. "Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343-1400)." Enduring Legacies: Ancient and Medieval Cultures. 6th ed. Boston: Pearson Custom Pub., 2000. 430-54. Print.
In section II of this paper, theoretical background relevant to this problem is presented. Section III is a brief summary of the numerical data from Giorgini, Boronat, and Casulleras.
5. Howe, Helen, and Robert T. Howe. From the Ancient and Medieval Worlds. N.p.: Longman, 1992. Print.
Mathematical models and computer simulations are important tool to investigate spread and control of infectious diseases. These two jointly build and test theories that are involved with complex biological systems related disease, getting quantitative conjectures, determining parameter sensitivities due to change and estimating parameters from data. It is important to state that modeling is very crucial in epidemiology since in most cases we cannot do experiments. Modelling gives better idea in e-epidemiology when the system is simulated with various parameters because conducting experiments in e-epidemiology is critical.
6th ed. of the book. Stanford, a.k.a. The Science of Science, 2006. Print.
The Agreement between Lord and Vassal is an account of a relationship between Hugh of Lusignan and William V of Aquitaine (who was also Count of Poitiers ). This account is seen through the perspective of Hugh, and provides examples of different powers, actions, and decisions of lords and vassals. According to the introduction of the Agreement, this account was "wrote or dictated " between 1020 and 1025 . Through criticism and analysis of this source, I hope to determine what information historians can gather from a first-person document and how/if this document has a place in the milieu of history.
Armand Maurer. Being and Knowing: Studies in Thomas Aquinas and Later Medieval Philosophers, Papers in Mediæval Studies, no. 10. Pontifical Institute of Mediæval Studies, Toronto : 1990.
... Religious Concept, with Special Reference to Medieval English Literature. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State College P, 1952.
Roger Babusci et al. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1994. 115-136. Print. “The Medieval Period: 1066-1485.”
Holloway, John. The Victorian Sage: Studies in Argument. Macmillan and Co., Ltd. 1953. Rpt. in USA: Archon Books. 1962.
Rice, Eugene E. and Anthony Grafton. The Foundations of Early Modern Europe, 1460-1559. 2nd. ed. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1994.
Burns, Julia. "Notes MLA 6318". Church and State in Early Modern England. Fall 2013. Dr. D. David.
Abstractions from nature are one the important element in mathematics. Mathematics is a universal subject that has connections to many different areas including nature. [IMAGE] [IMAGE] Bibliography: 1. http://users.powernet.co.uk/bearsoft/Maths.html 2. http://weblife.bangor.ac.uk/cyfrif/eng/resources/spirals.htm 3.