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Psychological impact of prison
Psychological impact of prison
Wrongful convictions affect the criminal justice system
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Research and subjective evidence shows that a high extent of wrongfully convicted prisoners suffer severe psychological consequences, including posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety disorders, which is not typical among truly guilty prisoners in the lack of life-threatening experiences in prison. This obscures the ability of exonerated prisoners to return to a normal life after discharge. More than half the states do not legally permit financial compensation for persons who were persecuted by the criminal justice system in this way, although the number of states with compensation laws has grown in recent years. Furthermore, exonerated prisoners do not receive the services provided to prisoners released on parole such as counseling and financial
In today’s Canadian society, it is certain that criminal law is to serve and protect and its fundamental purpose is to prevent crime and punish offenders. However, there have been cases where criminal law has punished the offender who turned out to be innocent. A conviction is needed to show that the system is not in disrepute and to keep order and people safe in society. If a criminal cannot be caught then people will look down upon the system in disgrace. In many cases, officers will arrest an individual who fits a certain description that they know will lead to an arrest and conviction. In the case of Guy Paul Morin it shows how the system failed in aiding the innocent who abide to the law. The law is established to protect those who are innocent from being targeted because of the law.
Wrongful conviction is an issue that has plagued the Canadian Justice System since it came to be. It is an issue that is hard to sort out between horrific crimes and society’s desire to find truth and justice. Incidences of wrongful conviction hit close to home right here in Saskatchewan as well as across the entire nation. Experts claim “each miscarriage of justice, however, deals a blow to society’s confidence in the legal justice system” (Schmalleger, Volk, 2014, 131). Professionals in the criminal justice field such as police, forensic analyst, and prosecutors must all be held accountable for their implications in wrongful convictions. There are several reasons for wrongful convictions such as racial bias, false confessions, jailhouse informants, eyewitness error, erroneous forensic science, inappropriate, professional and institutional misconduct and scientific limitations that society possessed prior to the technological revolution (Roberts, Grossman, 2012, 253 – 259). The introduction of more advanced DNA analysis has been able to clear names and prevent these incidences from occurring as often. As well as the formation of foundations such as The Association of Defense for the Wrongly Convicted (AIDWYC). Unfortunately, mistakes made in the Canadian Justice System have serious life altering repercussions for everyone that is involved. Both systematic and personal issues arise that require deeper and more intense analysis.
Convicts rarely serve their entire sentences in prison (Ross and Richards, 146). To alleviate the costs of imprisonment on taxpayers and lessen the staggering populations of prisons across America, it is simply prudent to let inmates out on parole. Unfortunately, the parole system is imperfect and often leads to many ex-convicts recidivating. With the various trials and challenges that ex-convicts are bound to face when rejoining society after prison, Ross and Richards provide valuable lessons in their book of how a convict might survive beyond bars.
Upon release, previously incarceration individuals find themselves subject to what is known as collateral consequences. Societal and policy consequences that extend beyond the criminal justice system and long after incarceration. With consequences touching every aspect of their life from; housing, family composition, education and employment opportunities. As one becomes incarcerated they better understand racial, economic and behavioral-health barriers within yet at the time of parole many do not have an awareness of the negative and disproportionate treatments associated with life post-conviction and incarceration (Pettus-Davis, Epperson and Grier, 2017).
In order to effectively break the cycle of crime and poverty that many individuals in the county jail system are victimized by due to unresolved psychological issues (such as trauma), we must work to treat and rehabilitate those incarcerated. The importance of reentry treatment for trauma issues of inmates is deeply enmeshed in evidence based practice and trauma informed practice. There is a direct correlation between trauma treatment for inmates and lowered recidivism. In order to ensure that there is a lower incidence of reoffence it is imperative to explore the root precipitant of the offenses. Unresolved trauma leads to poor impulse control, anger outbursts, depressive symptoms and increased likelihood of substance abuse. In addressing
The current prison and criminal justice system has not proven to be helpful in rehabilitating offenders and preventing recidivism. To successfully alter this situation it is important to understand what steps and measures are available to assist those who find themselves imprisoned. The techniques used in cognitive behavioral therapy have proven to be effective in treating depression, anxiety and drug addictions among other things. Analyzing the techniques developed in cognitive behavioral theory and applying them to psychotherapy in prison environments can assist in making improvements in the prevention of criminal activity, rates of incarceration and safety and security of the general population. The literature shows that the use of cognitive behavioral therapy has been effective in the treatment of a variety of criminal offenders.
Prior to taking this course, I generally believed that people were rightly in prison due to their actions. Now, I have become aware of the discrepancies and flaws within the Criminal Justice system. One of the biggest discrepancies aside from the imprisonment rate between black and white men, is mental illness. Something I wished we covered more in class. The conversation about mental illness is one that we are just recently beginning to have. For quite a while, mental illness was not something people talked about publicly. This conversation has a shorter history in American prisons. Throughout the semester I have read articles regarding the Criminal Justice system and mental illness in the United States. Below I will attempt to describe how the Criminal Justice system fails when they are encountered by people with mental illnesses.
Soderstrom, I. R. (2007). Mental illness in offender populations: Prevalance, duty, and implications. Mental health issues in the criminal justice system., 1-17.
Zamble, E., & Porporino, F. (1990). Coping, imprisonment, and rehabilitation: Some data and their implications. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 17(1), 53-70.
Criminal Law declares what conduct is illegal and proscribes a penalty. Although, we rely on our court system to administer justice, sometimes the innocent are convicted (Risinger). Most people would not be able to imagine a person who is convicted of a crime as innocent, sometimes that is the case. Imagine what a variance that is: an innocent criminal. In an article by Radley Balko he asks the question, “How many more are innocent?” In his article, he questions America’s 250th DNA exoneration and states that it raises questions about how often we send the wrong person to prison. The other issue that follows is the means of appealing the court’s decision and who they can turn to for help.
Jacob Zucker CJ101 Mr. Lybarger Prisoner Reentry into the Community There are many problems that exist when it comes to prisoner reentry. The first is the prison experience itself. Siegel (2017) writes, the psychological and economic problems that lead offenders to recidivism are rarely addressed by a stay in prison. Despite rehabilitation efforts, the typical ex-convict is still the same undereducated, unemployed, substance-abusing, lower-socioeconomic-status male he was when arrested. The point Siegel is trying to make is that the prison experience actually worsens the chances of ex-inmates’ success during reentry.
557). That is to say, imprisonment is not sufficiently represented by studying human society and social relationships of imprisoned individuals, according to Roberts and Jackson. Additionally, they provide the reader with the notion that research that has been done so far contending that the effects of incarceration does not affect individuals mentally cannot be well substantiated. This makes the reader question whether or not Bonta and Gendreau are justifiable in their argument in stating that the imprisonment does not effect individuals mentally or emotionally. Roberts and Jackson use well founded, credible evidence to affirm that it cannot be corroborated that long-term confinement has no effect on a human being 's mental and emotional
All over America, crime is on the rise. Every day, every minute, and even every second someone will commit a crime. Now, I invite you to consider that a crime is taking place as you read this paper. "The fraction of the population in the State and Federal prison has increased in every single year for the last 34 years and the rate for imprisonment today is now five times higher than in 1972"(Russell, 2009). Considering that rate along crime is a serious act. These crimes range from robbery, rape, kidnapping, identity theft, abuse, trafficking, assault, and murder. Crime is a major social problem in the United States. While the correctional system was designed to protect society from offenders it also serves two specific functions. First it can serve as a tool for punishing the offender. This involves making the offender pay for his/her crime while serving time in a correctional facility. On the other hand it can serve as a place to rehabilitate the offender as preparation to be successful as they renter society. The U.S correctional system is a quite controversial subject that leads to questions such as how does our correctional system punish offenders? How does our correctional system rehabilitate offenders? Which method is more effective in reducing crime punishment or rehabilitation? Our correctional system has several ways to punish and rehabilitate offenders.
These family members feel like justice has been served if the person who murdered their loved one receives a fitting punishment; it can also be seen as retribution.... ... middle of paper ... ... Works Cited http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/prison-probation/prison-probation-performance-stats/prison-costs-summary-10-11.pdf.
There has been a debate over the usefulness of correctional institutions. Some argue that incarceration prevents offenders while others argue that the involvement of being incarcerated causes individuals to continue committing crimes. It is no argument that the incarceration in the United States has changed throughout the years. In 1980’s rehabilitation had occurred. It gave a focus on equality and fairness in sentencing but it also increased focus on incapacitation, and restriction strategies for not committing a crime. Crime during this time increased, it motivated the United States to get tough on crime. Today incapacitation is the main reason for Imprisonment in the U.S criminal justice system (Zimring and Hawkins, 1995)