Wound Healing Process

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Wound healing is a complex process that involves sequential phases that overlap in time. It would be necessary to understand the normal wound healing process before look into the biological mechanisms of scar formation. Once a normal tissue is injured, a series of cellular activity will be triggered in order to restore the original structure and function. The process of wound healing can be classified into four phases, hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodeling.

Once a normal tissue is injured, hemostasis will get started. This process is aims to protect the vascular system, so that the vital organ such as heart, brain and kidneys are able to remain its function. Platelets will begin to aggregate at the wound site and it will release clotting factors which prevent excessive bleeding. On the other hand, the cytoplasm of platelets which contain alpha-granules that filled with growth factors and cytokines …show more content…

Fibroblast is located at the dermis layer of skin. The fibroblasts surrounded at the wound site will get stimulated and attracted by TGF beta and PDGF that are released by inflammatory cells and platelets. Fibroblasts are responsible to produce collagens and extracellular matrix component that are needed for tissue restoration. The reasons that made collagen an important component in wound healing especially the remodeling phase is because it would affect the integrity and strength of the tissue. Out of all the collagens secreted, collagen type 1 has been identified as the most abundant type of collagen in scar tissue formation. Around 7 to 8 days later, fibroblasts will have differentiated into myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts contains alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) can help to close the wound by contraction. In normal case, after healing is completed, myofibroblasts will undergo apoptosis. If this mechanism is failed to work, hypertrophic or keloids scars will

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