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Pragmatic theory
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William James Theories of Pragmatic Misconceptions and His Automatic Sweetheart Proposal
William James, a philosopher in the late 18th and early 19th century shared his view on the common misconceptions of pragmatists account for the truth. Although I am only going to reinforce James views on a couple of these, there were in fact eight misunderstandings in his eyes. There is a passage written by James on his thoughts of what he called an automatic sweetheart.
According to Hergenhahn & Henley (2014) pragmatism is the belief that if an idea works, it is valid. An idea is judged on its usefulness, however, according to James there is a limit to its usefulness or cash value (p.324). This leads to the assumption that pragmatisms primary appeal is to action. (James) wrote that this is the second mistake people make when they judge pragmatism they
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i, p. 673, James proposed a question wondering if one could accept what he dubbed the “Automatic Sweetheart” (a robot) as a human if it was made with no noticeable difference between a machine and a human. It would be a soulless body that could laugh, show emotion, and do all things a human could do as if a soul were present in them. Could we accept it as human? James thought not. That as humans we crave attention. We crave love and admiration, and the need to be recognized.
From what I have learned thus far in psychology, there are many different views. I do not nor have I ever believed in just one truth. Everyone’s truths are different. Each of us have a mind of our own and perceive things entirely different from others. So in regards to James proposal of pragmatism, for me, trying to come to one truth is simply not possible, if we are talking in a personal sense. We cannot find the same truth for everyone, across the board. Each of us has our own mind and perceive things differently. When we think in terms of ideas, what works for me may not work for others and vice
to be more than robotic, there must be something not just unknown but still undecided”
…I like to think those other automata you and I created for ourselves out of our inhibitions were human beings underneath, and that we might have loved each other, completely and humanly, if we had found the courage. Men and women are not the sole members of the human hierarchy to which you and I can also claim to
In the article, "The Will to Believe", William James responds to W.K. Clifford who argued
In the first chapter of Pragmatism (2) William James speaks about a rather unusual aspect of philosophy. He gives an outline of two prevailing temperaments in philosophy. 'Temperament', he argues,
What exactly is “truth”? And how do we arrive at the truth? Over these past weeks I have successfully be able to study two different but very closely linked methods of arriving at what we human beings know as truth. Introduced to the method of pragmatism by William James, I have concluded that pragmatism uses an approach in which reason is used to find what is true but what also has to be considered is that the truth is subject to change. Which distinguishes it from Rene Descartes' method of pursuing what is true. Essentially they follow the same procedures. Although at the final moments of my research, I began to find myself pro-pragmatism. I disbelieve Descartes claim that the mind believes everything that is perceived through the human eye which leaves no room for an imagination. Both James and Descartes differ in some areas while maintaing similarities in others. Whether its concerning the way their visions are presented, their interpretations of the truth, or how applicable the idea of it is to our lives.
John Dewey was a leading proponent of the American school of thought known as pragmatism. Pragmatism is a philosophical movement that includes those who claim that an ideology or proposition is true if it works satisfactorily. John Dewey was the third major figure in the classical pragmatist pantheon, whose wide-ranging writings had considerable impact on American intellectual life for a half-century (McDermid, D. 2017).
The word that really made me actually think the most was pragmatism. Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that began in the 1876 (Gutek, 2004). Pragmatism was developed by American philosophers Charles S. Piers, William James and John Dewey (Gutek, 2004). Pragmatist developed their philosophy around the idea that the function of though is an instrument or tool for prediction, action and problem solving. The empirical test is, does it work. American education has shown a definite belief in the idea that knowledge is valued because it can be applied in order to improve the human condition, increase productivity, and help solve problems (Gutek, 2004). A pragmatic person will not do things because he wants to, but because it will benefit him and the people around him. Like king john signing the Magna Carta, not because he wanted to by signing it he was losing a lot of power but because it benefited him by keeping his head on his shoulders. A pragmatic person will have to go through what he believes will work in order to see if it will work. Everyone would agree that killing is wrong; a pragmatist person would take a life in self-defense it meant it would save his own life. A Pragmatist uses practical knowledge in order to control reality. A pragmatic person will continue doing what he is doing because it benefits him until he finds a better way or he is stopped by society. ...
In James’ first essay, he tries to explain what pragmatism is with a story about a camping trip he took with a few of his friends. The friends began to argue about whether a man and a squirrel pass each other while going around a tree but do not see one another. Pragmatism seems to be a little confusing at first. I had to reread the argument about the squirrel and the human a couple of times to understand what the argument was about. I personally agreed with the group who said the man did not go around the squirrel simply because physically, he did not pass the animal while going around the tree. When James explained what the pragmatic method was, I interpreted it as basically trying to find correctness in both arguments depending on how you’re looking at it.
Someone who is willing to consider the pros and cons and take the necessary measurements to accomplish that goal with a logical reasoning. I believe that Lucy Stone fits the perfect definition of a pragmatist. Stone was determined on fighting for women’s equal rights. However, her life made her go through different transitions where she knew what her priorities were. Lucy was fully aware that marriage would take her eyes off the equal rights movements. Lucy gave her later to be husband Henry Blackwell plenty of excuses in order to avoid her marriage. Lucy stated that “Men were more immature than women of the same age”(22). After she had her child, Lucy Stone was still engaged during the cause however, she was aware she also had other priorities and she was unable to spend as much time as she wanted to fight for the rights of women. Instead, she took care of Alice. “After Alice’s birth, Lucy overcome by lassitude, retired from her strenuous speaking tours. With the help of the Blackwells she temporarily became a stay-at-home mother”(30). Lucy Stone was a natural leader who was stood up for equal civil rights without forgetting her priorities. Lucy Stone was able to adapt to her situations in life in order to still fight for what she
This paper will dispute that scientific beliefs are not the right way to accept a belief and it will question if we should let one accept their rights to their own beliefs. In Williams James article Will to Believe, we accept his perspective on how we set and fix our beliefs. This paper will first outline his overview on the argument that someone does not choose their belief but rather one just has them. Following, it will outline my perspective on how we set our beliefs and agreement with purse. Then it will explain how other methodologies such as science cannot conclude to one’s true beliefs. Science has been seen as a way to perceive life and taken to consideration as the truth. This paper should conclude that humans define ourselves by
Different schools of thought have generated arguments since the beginning of civilization. They represent different perspectives of every part of life, whether its religion or politics. The realist school and the humanist perspectives offer people different views in many different aspects.
As further advances in robotic testing and programming continue to emerge, then robots will be able to perform more difficult tasks. This article depicts the problem of consciousness in which robots may have knowledge yet lack feelings or emotion. Though we as humans are conscious, robots are not capable of feeling emotions this distinction allows us to distinguish ourselves from robots who sometimes resemble us.
When we talk about education, we remember our teachers of elementary, middle and high school because they left their mark on our lives, and are who we truly taught things that even we , and we have to our knowledge, is that the main purpose of my philosophy educational. The basis of my educational philosophy pragmatism. The goal of education for pragmatists is the socialization of the individual and the transmission of cultural ideas of man to new generations. In this way, new generations have no need to repeat it step by step, the experiences of their ancestors (Riestra, 1970). The school must be active in developing critical thinking in the learner. This should not be a passive entity in the process of their education, you must learn to learn . The school must prepare students for this interaction with their environment that is always changing.
Do you think I am automation? -A machine without feelings? and can you bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soul and heartless? You think wrong! – I have as much soul as you, – and full as much heart … I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh; — it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God’s feet, equal, — as we are!” (Bronte
In considering the definitions and implications of Artificial Intelligence, many philosophers have reached extremely different conclusions. Alan Turing, author of the Turing Test, believed that an intelligent machine would be able to imitate perfectly a human. Margaret Boden, Professor of Philosophy and Psychology at the University of Sussex, contends that a machine is intelligent if it possesses and displays certain human values. Moving away from the pure...