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Deforestation and desertification
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When people think about the Saharan region, they would know the region would be dry,hot, and lack of any living organisms and would probably think it would be near impossible to live and survive in the Saharan region. However, it is possible to survive in the Saharan region by adapting to the surrounding area and make use of it, finding an oasis as a water source, trading goods with nomads, and much more. Although it may seem impossible at first, but learning what actions are necessary in the Saharan region can make it possible.
The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world and the climate is usually very hot and dry there. The average rainfall in the desert is about less than five inches per year. But, humans have found ways to deal
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One of the best crops used in the oasis are the date palms because how versatile they’re. In the textbook of “Geography Alive” chapter 20 page 304 it states, “Date palms are by far the most important and common oasis plant. Every part of this tree is useful. Its fruit, the date, is eaten fresh or dried. Its trunk and leaves are used as building materials. Fiber from its bark is made into rope. Date pits, or seeds, are burned as fuel or fed to animals. A visitor to the Sahara once wrote,Those magnificent palm groves are the blood and bone of the desert; life in the Sahara would be unthinkable without them.... The size of an oasis is reckoned by the number of trees it contains, not by the number of square miles it covers.” Settlers living in the oasis depends on the date palm allowing it to be used for many uses such as food, building materials, and used for fuel and without the date palm, it would be very difficult to live in an oasis in the Sahara Desert. Trading and selling goods are the main economic activities in the a settlement in an oasis which let the farmers get goods that are hard to obtain and earn money as well. In the textbook of “Geography Alive” chapter 20 page 305 it states, “Trading and farming are the major economic activities at an oasis. While …show more content…
However, their environment are entirely different from each other and people have different adaptation for the Sahel’s environment. Firstly, Sahel does receive more rain than the Sahara Desert and have marginal lands. The Sahel is suffering from desertification and could possibly become part of the Sahara Desert if desertification continues. One adaptation in the Sahel was to switch lands every so often to allow the worn-out fields a rest. In the textbook of “Geography Alive” chapter 20 page 307 it states, “One adaptation was to plant crops like millet and sorghum. These are grains that will grow in dry places. Another was to use a farming system known as shifting agriculture. A farmer cleared a field and planted it with crops for a year or two. Then the farmer moved on to a new field. Herders used a similar system to feed their animals. They moved their herds from one grazing area to another throughout the year. Both systems gave worn-out fields a chance to rest.” With farmers and herders changing their land, it helps them learn how to adapted to the marginal land since marginal land is not very suited for growing crops. Secondly, people are deciding to switch wood for coal in order to prevent deforestation. In the textbook of “Geography Alive” chapter 20 page 307 it states, “Yet another problem is deforestation. Most people in the
Agriculture was very important for the Aztec empire to flourish. The Aztecs had a variety of methods of doing agriculture. One of the first methods of agriculture was known to be rainfall cultivation. Rainfall cultivation was a major factor to them in there early stage of the Empire. Rainfall helped the Aztecs to grow crops where ever they wanted and the quality of the dirt or terrain did not matter. Another method that led to the success of Aztec agriculture was the construction of canal systems. The canal systems and dams helped the Aztecs to harvest on regular basis. The canal systems helped them irrigate their large fields in the valley. The last method the Aztecs implemented was the chinampas. Chinampas were areas of the land raised and were made up of mud from the lake. The land had very rich soil that the Aztecs used to grow a lot of crops all throughout the year. The main crops the Aztecs grew were maize, fruits, beans, tomatoes, and avocados. Out of all the different cr...
The Sahel zone has been made virtually uninhabitable from the effects of Desertification. There is a lot less amount of crops being produced by the Sahelian farmers. About 50 years ago farmers use to produce 7 times as much produce as now. [IMAGE] [IMAGE] This is a climate graph for Ethiopia, which is in the Sahel zone, and as you can see on the Temperature is very high and the average precipitation is low for what the temperature is in most months.
Niger is eighty-percent desert which doesn't provide natural resources or availability of water, even though the Niger River is a huge resource for Niger. With its beautiful, sparkling water flowing southwest in a sort of crescent shape it is a place of relief. Along this river, they have wonderful areas for farming and grazing and one can find the most populous city and the capitol Niger called Niamey. This Sub-Saharan country not only has the Sahara desert to deal with, but the Tener...
There are now many conservation programs and measures. “A lot of people in agriculture here recognize that the programs implemented as a result of the Dust Bowl are having a really important effect on holding the soil in place,” ("When the Dust Settled") People in agriculture have listened to programs implemented since the Dust Bowl. They have changed
Economic ways started in the nineteenth century, still have a hold on the countries of the sub-Sahara today. These countries are all impoverished and have seen horrific civil wars, however, the general consensus is that they are making slow improvements in their economy. The starvation, overpopulation and health problems are still very evident. Perhaps continued assistance coupled with education and protection will keep them on the road to stability and more rewarding lives for their citizens.
The Agricultural Revolution was inevitable in many ways. The warming climate result in animals extinction, which meant that the growing populations of humans needed to figure out another way to feed themselves. However, the warming climate also allowed for the flourishing of grains which were domesticable crops with a huge role in many successful agricultural societies. Humans had accumulated some knowledge of plants and animals from their Paleolithic practices, and this acted as preparation for the Agricultural Revolution and domestication. Additionally, several locations around the world (ex: Mesoamerica, Fertile Crescent, China) experienced separate and independent Agricultural Revolutions at around the same time.
The oasis agro-ecosystem is a combination of human settlement and a cultivated area (often a palm grove) in desert or semi-desert environment (Jaradat, 2011). Oasis expansion in arid regions is usually regarded as the opposite to desertification, referring to the process of transformation from desert to oasis in an arid region due to combined action of anthropic and natural factors (Wang, 2009). In MENA, approximately 4 million people live within the system. About 1.2 million ha of irrigated cropland are used for the production of dates, fodder, fruit trees, and vegetables. In addition, an estimated 2.7 million cattle, pastoralists within this system (FAO, 2008). Under the palm trees in the oases, a microclimate is established. Humidity, heat, and light are favorable for optimized usage of space for other crops (orange, pomegranate, vegetables, fodder and, cereals) to grow in an environment, where fertile soil is scarce (photo. xx).
Here the problem is a well-documented one, written by Garett Hardin in his paper Tragedy of the Commons, with the region becoming more and more arid as a result of overgrazing. The pastures in the area are the common resource, a place where people live and where they can feed their cattle. Unfortunately, the herders in these areas add more and more to their livestock, increasing their benefits while disbursing the negative effects of the lack of pasture among all the herders. These herders are again acting rationally, as adding to their stock is necessary to increase income and not adding to their stock could result in receiving negative impacts from the decisions of the other herders anyway. Unfortunately, the overgrazing is causing pastureland to disappear rather quickly.
Sands, varying from yellow to red in color, form dunes. reaching 240 m (800 ft) in height. The annual rainfall averages only 25 mm (1. in), but high humidity results in fog and dew. In the north deep canyons have been cut by the stream.
(Sharma,1997). So by gauging precipitation levels around arid and semi-arid regions meteorologists can approximate as to how ‘at risk’ the area is. As without a decent supply of precipitation, soil infrastructure and fertility will decline due to a lack of moisture and the denaturing of the surrounding biota i.e. roots and nutrient cycles (Sharma,1997). National monthly rainfall index (NMRI... ... middle of paper ... ...
The first people that started to depend on farming for food were in Israel and Jordan in about 80000 B.C.. Farming became popular because people no longer had to rely on just searching for food to get their food. In about 3000 B.C. Countries such as Egypt and Mesopotamia started to develop large scale irrigation systems and oxen drawn plows. In about 500 B.C. the Romans started to realize that the soil needed certain nutrients in order to bare plants. They also realized that if they left the soil for a year with no plants, these important nutrients would replenish. So they started to leave half of a field fallow (unplanted). They then discovered that they could use legumes, or pulses to restore these vital nutrients, such as nitrogen, to the soil and this started the process known as rotating crops. They would plant half the field one year with a legume...
According to the textbook, it is stated that, “For travelers crossing the Sahara, no sight is more welcome than a distant palm tree. The palm is a sign that an oasis is nearby. Each oasis is an island of fresh water in a sea of dry sand and rock. Some oases are natural. Many are created by springs that bubble up to the surface from streams beneath the ground. Other oases appear in low spots. Here the land dips down to meet an underground stream. Humans create some oases. In the past, people made oases by digging wells by hand. As you read, drilling machines are now being used to dig deep into the ground to locate hidden water.” Of course, the oasis’ aren't as good as they seem, especially now. According to Geography Alive!, it is stated that “As an oasis settlement grows, its water problems grow as well… Growing oasis towns face two kinds of water problems. The first problem is how to get water to people as the town expands. New housing areas and camps set up to shelter refugees often lack wells or piped water. If people cannot walk to water sources, water may have to be brought to them by truck. The second problem is water shortages. In some oases, palm groves have been expanded into the surrounding desert. The new trees are kept alive with water pumped out of the ground. If too much water is pumped out, the underground streams that create an oasis could run dry.” water problems are huge, and that is just
The Sahara’s climate is very hot and dry. Although it is very hot during the day, it does become cold at night. On average, it only has 8 inches of rainfall per year. The Sahara's climate consists of b...
The single biggest direct cause of tropical deforestation is conversion to cropland and pasture, mostly for subsistence, which is growing crops or raising livestock to meet daily needs. The conversion to agricultural land usually results from multiple direct factors. For example, countries build roads into remote areas to improve overland transportation of goods. The road development itself causes a limited amount of deforestation. But roads also provide entry to previously inaccessible—and often unclaimed—land. Logging, both legal and illegal, often follows road expansion (and in some cases is the reason for the road expansion). When loggers have harvested an area’s valuable timber, they move on. The roads and the logged areas become a magnet for settlers—farmers and ranchers who slash and burn the remaining forest for cropland or cattle pasture, completing the deforestation chain that began with road building. In other cases, forests that have been degraded by logging become fire-prone and are eventually deforested by repeated accidental fires from adjacent farms or pastures.
Farming has been an occupation since 8,500 B.C. On that year in the Fertile Crescent farming first began when people grew plants instead of picking them in the wild. Then nearly 5,000 years later oxen, horses, pigs, and dogs were domesticated. During the middle ages, the nobles divide their land into three fields. The reasoning for this was to plant two and leave one to recover. This was the start of crop rotation which is a big part of farming today. Burning down forest and then moving to another area is a farming technique used by the Mayans called Slash and burn. Mayan farmers also were able to drain swampy areas to farm them buy building canals. In 1701 Jethro Tull invented the seed drill and a horse drawn how that tilled the land. In Denmark they would plant turnips in the previously unplanted field. The turnips help restore the nutrients in the ground thus crop rotation is born. In England people began moving there fields closer to each other for a more efficient way of planting. Later in the 18th century selective breeding was introduce which made bigger, stronger, and more milk producing livestock. In the mid 1800’s a steam plough was invented. By the 1950 tractors, milking machines, and combines were used by almost farmers. The latest f...