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Wax argument goal descartes
Wax argument descartes
Wax argument goal descartes
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In Rene Descartes’ The Wax Argument, he discusses how we perceive bodies by using an easily identifiable object to make what he understands about us perceiving bodies clear. He uses a piece of wax as his example. There are five clear premises that can be formed into a conclusion to defend his belief.
1. The wax as a solid has characteristics of smelling of honey, being a white colour, and making a sound when rapped.
2. The wax once melted has differing characteristics of no longer having a smell, the colour is changed, and it does not make any sound.
3. Sense perception is not reliable.
4. Imagination has a limited amount of possibilities for the wax in terms of size and shape.
5. The wax can form into an unlimited amount of different shapes.
6. Imagination alone cannot comprehend the
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Our senses consist of smell, touch, sight, taste, and hearing. When Descartes first senses the wax, he notices that it “still tastes of honey and has the scent of the flowers from which the honey was gathered”, it makes a sound when it is hit, and it can be handled easily. However, when the wax is melted all the sensible properties change. He does not believe that we can rely on the senses because it is apparent that between the different states that the wax is in, solid and liquid, they tell us that they are completely separate bodies. As for imagination, it is literally limitless in how many different shapes this piece of wax can take but the imagination can only comprehend so many. Descartes uses the example of imagining the wax changing shape from “round to square, from square to triangular, and so on”. There are a limited amount of shapes that we can comprehend but physically, there are many different shapes. Therefore, both the sensible properties of a body and us using our imagination cannot be the way we perceive objects but only just by the mind we
The primary goal of this laboratory project was to identify an unknown compound and determine its chemical and physical properties. First the appearance, odor, solubility, and conductivity of the compound were observed and measured so that they could be compared to those of known compounds. Then the cation present in the compound was identified using the flame test. The identity of the anion present in the compound was deduced through a series of chemical tests (Cooper, 2009).
A: According to the observations in the table above, I have concluded that icing sugar is the mystery powder. From the very beginning of the experiment it was narrowed down to two substances, icing sugar and cornstarch. It was concluded to be those two because the physical appearance and the texture only matched with icing sugar and cornstarch. The two main factors of finding the mystery powder was the reaction with water and vinegar.
The purpose of conducting experiment was to determine the identity of white compound. Based on the 5 gram of unknown white compound several experiment conducted including solubility test, pH test, flame test, and ion test. Several materials including chemicals used throughout experiment and will be described through paragraphs.
7 - What is the point of Descartes ' discussion of the piece of wax? That is, why does he talk about it?
The tangible characteristics are no longer present, and the wax melts. The melting, replaces the honey flavor with nothing, the flower scent with no scent, the cold and hard become the hot and liquid, the wax becomes too hot to touch let alone make a noise when rapped upon, the color changes, the shape shifts, and the size increases. Thus, everything Descartes thought to note about the wax had changed or disappeared. In his original description, he relied only upon his sense to explain the wax. But after that has failed him, Descartes calls into doubt his senses and decides to define the wax without the use of his senses. The problem Descartes runs into with this line of thinking is he now is trusting his senses to discount what his sense told him a first time. Therefore, Descartes must neglect to use his senses for the new description of the wax. Leaving his only knowledge of the wax to be its condition to change, Descartes’ new description of the wax states “only that it is something extended, flexible, and mutable … rather, I perceive it through the mind alone” (67-68). Descartes limits his knowledge from qualitative descriptions and only uses quantitative measures from his
Our senses can sometimes be deceiving, and Descartes immediately comes to the conclusions that our senses cannot be a claim for knowledge. We have no proof that what we experience with our senses is true. Descartes says that we cannot truly...
Claiming that the different senses have perceived in him the way once was before it came in contact with the heat, but still remains the same, although being perceived in a different way, but with the same senses as before except for it being liquid after the heat but remains with the same other traits he mentioned. Therefore, this is how he establishes his claim of the Aristotelian intellect and Cogito inference by rejecting everything and doubting its existence and separating the nature of the body and mind as the body being a non-extended thinking thing such as the senses, and the mind being a thinking thing that can extend. Descartes states that he perceives the wax through the mind alone and says that perception is not an imagination, touching or seeing but it is an inspection of the mind
...rity and distinction, but we can conclude what Descartes means. He is saying that we can be sure that these primary qualities exist in bodies in the same way that they do in our ideas of bodies. This cannot be claimed for qualities such as heat, color, taste and smell, of which our ideas are so confused and vague that we must always reserve judgment. This can be seen in the wax example.
How do we know what we know? Ideas reside in the minds of intelligent beings, but a clear perception of where these ideas come from is often the point of debate. It is with this in mind that René Descartes set forth on the daunting task to determine where clear and distinct ideas come from. A particular passage written in Meditations on First Philosophy known as the wax passage shall be examined. Descartes' thought process shall be followed, and the central point of his argument discussed.
According to Descartes, “because our senses sometimes deceive us, I wanted to suppose that nothing was exactly as they led us to imagine (Descartes 18).” In order to extinguish his uncertainty and find incontrovertible truth, he chooses to “raze everything to the ground and begin again from the original foundations (Descartes 59).” This foundation, which Descartes is certain to be the absolute truth, is “I think, therefore I am (Descartes 18).” Descartes argues that truth and proof of reality lies in the human mind, rather than the senses. In other words, he claims that the existence of material objects are not based on the senses because of human imperfection. In fact, he argues that humans, similarly to Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, are incapable of sensing the true essence or existence of material objects. However, what makes an object real is human thought and the idea of that object, thus paving the way for Descartes’ proof of God’s existence. Because the senses are easily deceived and because Descartes understands that the senses can be deceived, Descartes is aware of his own imperfection. He
In the reading of Descartes he interprets his understanding of how and why the mind is better known than the body. He states that, “Myself in my entirety in as much as I am formed of body and soul (mind) taught by nature, sun, stars, and sky. Descartes realized that he could learn things from his body. Things like pain if he touches a flame or pleasure if he drinks a cup of wine. With senses Descartes could see textures and beautiful landscapes. This made Descartes realize that from this generalization that he has made, what he learns from his body does not exceed what he already knows in his mind. I think Descartes point is well made in his quote above. I come to understand this though, through the fact that the minds common sense is what tells me I should not touch a flame, because of the pain it will bring me.
Descartes makes a careful examination of what is involved in the recognition of a specific physical object, like a piece of wax. By first describing the wax in a manner such that “everything is present in the wax that appears needed to enable a body to be known as distinctly as possible” (67), he shows how easily our senses help to conceive our perception of the body. But even if such attributes are modified or removed, we still recognize the changed form, as the same piece of wax. This validates Descartes’ claim that “wax itself never really is the sweetness of the honey, nor the fragrance of the flowers, nor the whiteness, nor the shape, nor the sound” (67), and the only certain knowledge we gain of the wax is that “it is something extended, flexible, and mutable” (67). This conclusion forces us to realize that it is difficult to understand the true nature of the wax, and its identity is indistinguishable from other things that have the same qualities as the wax. After confirming the nature of a human mind is “a thinking thing” (65), Descartes continues that the nature of human mind is better known than the nature of the body.
One of the ways in which Descartes attempts to prove that the mind is distinct from the body is through his claim that the mind occupies no physical space and is an entity with which people think, while the body is a physical entity and cannot serve as a mechanism for thought. [1]
But his habitual ideas and opinions are still present no matter how hard he tries not to present them, to solve this problem he decides that all of his opinions are false. Descartes finds himself certain about one thing that nothing is certain. Resorting back to the idea that his senses are the only way he is able to obtain the truth in life, he believes that his senses are apart of his mind and body. He uses a honeycomb to examine this topic that the body and mind are one. The wax changes shape therefore he uses imagination to understand it
Descartes argues that the mind and body can be thought of as separate substances. Descartes writes “I have a body that is very closely joined to me, nevertheless, because … I have a clear and distinct idea of myself, insofar as I am merely a thinking thing and not an extended thing and because … I have a distinct idea of a body, insofar as it is merely an extended thing and not a thinking thing, it is certain that I am really distinct from my body and can exist without it” ( Descartes 50). With this quote, Descartes is saying that the mind and body are separate because he has two distinct ideas of the body and the mind and the body is not a thinking thing as he is but an extended substance. Another point to Descartes argument is that the mind and body are different due to one being indivisible and the other being divisible. Descartes writes “a body, by its very nature, is always divisible. On the other hand, the mind is utterly indivisible” (53). Here is saying that there are ...