Refracting Telescopes- Physics Internal Refractor telescopes were first invented in 1608 by a man named Hans Lippershey. The refractor telescope was then adapted a number of times with the later version of the refractor telescope made by Johannes Kepler. This structure of Kepler’s refractor telescope is the base design of what most refractors telescopes today are made from. Light in Different Media While light passes from one medium to another it is subject to refraction. Refraction is the action of light bending due to the change of velocity when moving through different media. A medium is a space or area that light can travel through. This can be air, water, glass, vacuum and many others.When light enters a new medium, it bends at the …show more content…
One advantage of the refractor telescope is that it is strongly made, and after it is initially aligned, it can withstand misalignment better than a reflector telescope which has to be fixed more often. Another different advantage that the reflector telescope tube is sealed from the outside atmosphere and nothing gets inside, this means that the glass stays clean and has does not have to be cleaned often. Another advantage of having the tube sealed from the outside atmosphere is that the images from it are clearer and steadier because the telescope is unaffected by changes in temperature and air currents. One of the main disadvantages of a refractor telescope is chromatic aberration, which is a type of image distortion that happens in all refractors. Chromatic aberration is when different coloured light rays are bent at different angles and do not intercept at the same point. This causes the image formed to be unfocused and distorted. Another disadvantage of a refractor telescope is the difficulty and price of making a large objective lens without imperfections. Although the size of the objective lens gives a better image in the telescope it becomes very costly to make large lenses. Cost is also not the only problem as large glass lenses can sink and distort due to its own weight, making very large objective lenses ineffective and
Shortly after college he began to study optics and the construction of telescopes, and wrote his first book, Optica Promota ^1. In 1663 James went to London where he published Optica Promota, which discussed topics such as lenses, mirrors, reflection and refraction, paralax and transits. Optica Promota also discussed Gregory's most famous invention, the reflective telescope. It later became known and the Gregorian Telescope. However, at the time the telescope was only discussed because the mirror polishers could not polish the mirrors properly, so it was never auctually made untill after Gregory's death. He laso invented the feflective burning mirror. In 1664 James went to Puda, Italy and studied under Stefano degli Angeli in geometry, mechanics, and astronomy. While he was there, the published two more worksVera circuli et hyperbolae in which James showed how to compute logarithms by finding the areas of inscribed parallelograms between a hyperbola and its asymptotes, thus leading to the term "hyperbolic logarithms" in 1667. ^2 And Geometriae para universalis where he attempted to prove that the (little shape thingy that i cant type ...looks like a n mixed with pi) and e are transcendual, unfortunatly, his arguments contained a subtle error which was published in 1668, right before he left Italy for London.
Who has not ever, even if just for a brief moment, looked up at a dark but vividly lit starry night sky and wondered how far those seemingly little lights reach, and if that beauty goes on forever, or if it ends at some point. I believe this question has been pondered by mankind since our creation, and early astronomers are proof of this pondering. Telescopes began as a way for these early astronomers to chart the stars and planets and their movements as they searched for more than what just the naked eye could offer them. In the early 17th century, craftsman began making telescopes, though the tools to invent them had been available for centuries before. Early telescope were called spyglasses and needed improvement. Galileo's Optic Tube, also known as the Galilean telescope is an example of the early creation of refracting telescopes. There were a few different makers and models of refractor telescopes but it was soon discovered they could make a better telescope. With the beginning of the 18th century came the reflecting telescope, which is also called a reflector; an optical telescope that uses either a single curved mirror, or a combination of curved mirrors. There are many types reflecting telescopes: there is the Gregorian telescope, the Cassegrain telescope, and the Ritchey–Chrétien telescope. But today, we are going to be talking about one telescope in particular; "the 200 inch Hale Telescope, which for decades stood as the largest telescope on the planet"(1), from 1948 to 1976. The Hale telescope opened up the skies in ways we never imagined.
2. A trio of Dutch eyeglass makers invented the microscope in the late 1500’s. It consisted of a tube with lenses ground from rock crystal, and it magnified objects up to 9 times their actual size.
He constructed the reflecting telescope along with many architectural inventions and new concepts for traveling over water. He was among the first to dream up ways to see the stars and planets with the reflecting telescope. “In order to observe the nature of the planets, open the roof and bring the image of a single planet on the base of a concave mirror. The image of the planet reflected by the base will show the surface of the planet much magnified,” he stated (Shlain, 124). Using mirrors, he was able to make the reflecting telescope. The fact that Leonardo could make this discovery at such an early time was remarkable. The credit usually goes to Hans Lippershey for the creation of reflecting telescopes. He lived in 1608 about 100 years after Leonardo (Shlain, 124). In terms of architectural inventions, he was able to make many improvements. For instance, “Leonardo designed and greatly improved pontoon bridges, collapsible bridges, and swing bridges,” (Shlain, 127). “His most ambitious project was the bridge across the Bosphorous, designed for the Ottoman Empire,” (Shlain, 127). Although it is not commonly known, “He invented life preservers, webbed gloves, and the snorkel to improve the performance and safety of swimmers,” (Shlain, 127-128). Not only that but he also designed the diving suit, mask, and even ideas for a submarine (Shlain, 127-128). He had a remarkable talent for seeing the
telescope. The same telescope was used to observe the Moon,and discover the four satellites of
As early as 200BCE, research suggests rock crystals were used to observe the reflection and refraction of light. These early techniques made it possible for Lippershey and later Galileo to invent and improve the telescope lenses. In 1490CE Leonardo Davinci used a concave mirror, which was a primitive reflecting telescope, used for astronomy purposes. From 1520-1559CE Leonard Digges invented perspective glass that was used to view small objects from far away.
No, not "Why am I going to class so early?" but "Why do I need these contacts?" With this project I will attempt to explain the basics of vision and corrective lenses, as I, myself, finally learn the reason for sticking my finger in my eye every morning.
In 1610 he was one of the first people to use the telescope to observe
Although telescopes has been around for several hundreds of years, there has been great discrepancy as to who invented it first. Here is one authors opinion. Lippershey was a Dutch spectacle marker during the early 17th century (approximately 1600). He was one of the first who created the "looker" (now called telescope) by placing two pieces of lenses together. The discovery that placing lenses together can magnify images were made by children who took Lippershey's spectacles and looked at a distant church tower.
The Hubble Telescope is the world’s first space-based optical telescope. The Hubble telescope received its name from American astronomer Dr. Edwin P. Hubble. Dr. Hubble confirmed an ever expanding universe which provided the basic foundation of the Big Bang theory. The first concept of the Hubble telescope came from Lyman Spitzer in 1946, who at that time was a professor and researcher at Yale University. In 1946, Professor Spitzer believed that Earth’s atmosphere blurs and distorts light, and a space orbited telescope would be able to overcome this problem.
Refraction of Light Aim: To find a relationship between the angles of incidence and the angles of refraction by obtaining a set of readings for the angles of incidence and refraction as a light ray passes from air into perspex. Introduction: Refraction is the bending of a wave when it enters a medium where it's speed is different. The refraction of light when it passes from a fast medium to a slow medium bends the light ray toward the normal to the boundary between the two media. The amount of bending depends on the indices of refraction of the two media and is described quantitatively by Snell's Law. (Refer to diagram below)
Now in order to understand how lights is able to be refracted in different angles, it is important to understand the Snell’s Law which states that, the refractive angle always depend on the refractive index of both media. Now, the refractive index keeps on changing depending on the wavelength of the light passing through. Light, as we know, it is a wave that has different wavelength. Each wavelength represents a different color. Thus, different colors will have different refractive index when passed through the same media. It is important to note that light is normally refracted twice when it travels through a prism, first on its way in, and when it is going back.
The refracting telescope is one of many different types of telescope. Refracting telescopes work by refracting the light through an initial convex lens, (known as the objective lens), then through another convex lens (known as the eyepiece lens). These two lenses focus the light into the eyepiece so we can see the image clearly.