Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment Introduction
The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment Introduction
Deontology tuskegee syphilis
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment Introduction
1. Was the Tuskegee experiment a case of “administrative evil?”
Yes, the Tuskegee experiment is a case of administrative evil. According to Morrison (2011), administrative evil occurs when an environment lacking compassion or conscience is allowed to govern decision making. The blind belief in technology, science and the power of reason drives an organization or individual (Morrison, 2011, p.277). Advancement is more important than human suffering. In fact, the human suffering caused by the advancement is reasoned as a good cause because those seeking advancement are acting as “change agents” (Smolin, 2012, p.239). The problem with acting as a change agent is that the view is one-sided, narrowly focusing on certain issues. Therefore, “they may not be attuned to other values; they may not acknowledge proper limits on means toward what they view as an overriding end; they may not care to account for the problem of unintended consequences” (Smolin, 2012, p.239). Therefore, “change agents” can do “horrific things with a seemingly clear conscience” (Smolin, 2012, p.236).
I think that is exactly what happened with the Tuskegee Study. They meant well, but desiring to be change agents clouded their conscience and inflicted great pain and suffering
…show more content…
It is injustice to withhold treatment when it is available. They did not fairly distribute medication. In fact, they purposely mislead the participant to believe that they were treating them when, in fact, they were not. Also, they withheld diagnosis from the participants as well. The researchers wanted to “watch the effects over time of untreated syphilis” (Smolin, 2012, p. 231). They purposely watched men die (or go insane) and did not help them, but lead them to believe they were helping them. Lastly, the length of time violates justice as well. 40 years is a long time to willfully to watch people suffer and die. All of these actions were deliberate. I would say this is criminal and
In "The Perils of Obedience," Stanley Milgram conducted a study that tests the conflict between obedience to authority and one's own conscience. Through the experiments, Milgram discovered that the majority of people would go against their own decisions of right and wrong to appease the requests of an authority figure. The study was set up as a "blind experiment" to capture if and when a person will stop inflicting pain on another as they are explicitly commanded to continue. The participants of this experiment included two willing individuals: a teacher and a learner. The teacher is the real subject and the learner is merely an actor.
In the 1930s there was no regulation to ensure that the participants were not fully informed of the science experiment nor possible life treating side effects. There was an investigation of Sleeping Sickness; men from a prison volunteered to be subjected on, yet they did not sign a consent form and they were not knowledgeable of the procedure nor protected from unnecessary risk. Closely following, the Tuskegee Syphilis experiment began to make progress in Alabama. The term "Bad Blood" was used by the government professionals to describe what they were trying to cure in these males, yet that term is euphemism and can be used in a broader sense; making it unclear, to the potential subjects, what the doctors were actually treating. Along with the questionable terms, there was not a consent form given to the
Healthcare providers have an ethical obligation to tell their patients the truth about their conditions as well as all possible treatment options. In the Tuskegee Study, this obligation was blatantly disregarded. The characters Dr. Sam Brodus, Dr. Douglas, and Eunice Evers, RN are prime examples of this disregard for transparency between the provider and the patient.
Those who were affected by the testing in hospitals, prisons, and mental health institutions were the patients/inmates as well as their families, Henrietta Lacks, the doctors performing the research and procedures, the actual institutions in which research was being held, and the human/health sciences field as a whole. Many ethical principles can be applied to these dilemmas: Reliance on Scientific Knowledge (1.01), Boundaries of Competence (1.02), Integrity (1.04), Professional and Scientific Relationships (1.05), Exploitative Relationships (1.07, a), Responsibility (2.02), Rights and Prerogatives of Clients (2.05), Maintaining Confidentiality (2.06), Maintaining Records (2.07), Disclosures (2.08), Treatment/Intervention Efficacy (2.09), Involving Clients in Planning and Consent (4.02), Promoting an Ethical Culture (7.01), Ethical Violations by Others and Risk of Harm (7.02), Avoiding False or Deceptive Statements (8.01), Conforming with Laws and Regulations (9.01), Characteristics of Responsible Research (9.02), Informed Consent (9.03), and Using Confidential Information for Didactic or Instructive Purposes (9.04), and Debriefing (9.05). These particular dilemmas were not really handled until much later when laws were passed that regulated the way human subjects could be used for research. Patients
Ethical violations committed on underprivileged populations first surfaced close to 50 years ago with the discovery of the Tuskegee project. The location, a small rural town in Arkansas, and the population, consisting of black males with syphilis, would become a startling example of research gone wrong. The participants of the study were denied the available treatment in order further the goal of the research, a clear violation of the Belmont Report principle of beneficence. This same problem faces researchers today who looking for an intervention in the vertical transmission of HIV in Africa, as there is an effective protocol in industrialized nations, yet they chose to use a placebo-contro...
The Tuskegee Experiment is one of the unethical Health Researches done in the United States. The way the research was conducted was against people 's civil rights. Totally secretive and without any objectives, procedures or guidance from any government agency. During the time that the project was launched there were very few laws that protected the public from medical malpractice or from plainly negligence. Also the Civil Rights act did not pass until the 1960 's.
When penicillin was discovered in 1940 and was the only cure for syphilis at that time. The participants form Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment were excluded from many campaigns that were taking place in Macon County, Alabama to eliminate venereal diseases (Person Education, 2007). This experiment lasted forty years and by the end 28 of the men had died directly of syphilis, 100 were dead of related complications, 40 of their wives had been infected, and 19 of their children had been born with congenital syphilis (info please, 2007). The directors of this experiment used ethical, interpersona...
In the movie Miss Evers’ Boys, the basic ethical principles were disregarded. The study participants were not allowed justice because the researchers did not disclose the facts of the study. The government officials, Dr. Douglas and Dr. Brodus the lead research doctors, and Miss Evers the nurse were aware of the purpose of the study and that no treatment would be initiated for months or even a year. When they chose not to disclose this information to the participants they violated fidelity, disregarded integrity and did not uphold beneficence for the participants (Sargent, 1997). As the study progressed, they were continually denied the funding to purchase Penicillin. When Penicillin arrived at the clinic the doctors decided that this would interfere with the outcome of the
Therefore, he states he wants to “focus the paper on the arguments offered in support of the claim that these trials were unethical,” (302). The first criticism states,” injustice was done to the control group…second, the participants in the trial were coerced into participating…third, the countries in question were exploited,” (302). Against the first criticism, he argues that if the clinical trials were not conducted the participants would not have received proper treatment. For the second criticism, he states that coercion, “involves a threat to put someone below their baseline unless they cooperate with the demands of the person
Bad blood is a book that was written James H. Jones who is an associate professor of History. The book narrates on how the government through the department of Public Health service (PHS) authorized and financed a program that did not protect human values and rights. The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment which was conducted between 1932 and 1972 where four hundred illiterate and semi-illiterate black sharecroppers in Alabama recently diagnosed with syphilis were sampled for an experiment that was funded by the U.S Health Service to prove that the effect of untreated syphilis are different in blacks as opposed to whites. The blacks in Macon County, Alabama were turned into laboratory animals without their knowledge and the purpose of the experiment
The study took advantage of an oppressed and vulnerable population that was in need of medical care. Some of the many ethical concerns of this experiment were the lack of informed consent, invasion of privacy, deception of participants, physical harm, mental harm, and a lack of gain versus harm. One ethical problem in this experiment was that the benefits did not outweigh the harm to participants. At the conclusion of the study there were virtually no benefits for the participants or to the treatment of syphilis. We now have
The hypothesis was that if homosexual people were exposed to aversion therapy then they would most likely become heterosexual or straight. This experiment left the patients with psychological damage and low self-esteem. Some were able to recover while. Others suffered permanent damage to their personality. This experiment is considered unethical because it harms homosexuals. It gives them no freedom to choose their own gender identity that every human being should be allowed to do. Also, it is very unethical to harm others psychologically because they can get other illnesses from this, such as depression, post-traumatic stress
The book BAD BLOOD: THE TUSKEGEE SYPHILIS EXPERIMENT by James H. Jones was a very powerful compilation of years of astounding research, numerous interviews, and some very interesting positions on the ethical and moral issues associated with the study of human beings under the Public Health Service (PHS). "The Tuskegee study had nothing to do with treatment it was a nontherapeutic experiment, aimed at compiling data on the effects of the spontaneous evolution of syphilis in black males" (Jones pg. 2). Jones is very opinionated throughout the book; however, he carefully documents the foundation of those opinions with quotes from letters and medical journals. The book allowed the reader to see the experiment from different viewpoints. This was remarkable because of the initial feelings the reader has when first hearing of the experiment. In the beginning of the book, the reader will see clearly there has been wrong doing in this experiment, but somehow, Jones will transform you into asking yourself, "How could this happen for so long?"
Kant writes states “Autonomy is thus the ground of the dignity of the human and of every rational nature .” Autonomy is one of the foundations of being a human, according to Kant. Since the study was designed to look at the effects of untreated syphilis, the men in the study did not get treatment, which most of them would have likely sought. Because they were never told about the purpose of the study nor were they informed of their condition, there was no way for them to consent to what was happening to them. Because they were not given the information necessary to make these key life-governing decisions, it is immoral and unethical through the eyes of
...to find out something when they use children. The Tuskegee experiment exhibit how cruel researcher can also be, and how racial society was in 1932. The experiments show what can happen without regulations. There should be values and regulations to guide research in these experiments. Concluding, some experiments have the tendency to destroy the lives of the humans that have been experimented on.