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Essay on vulnerable population and homeless
Homelessness from a macro sociological perspective
Homelessness from a macro sociological perspective
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A vulnerable population is made up of more than just a set group of people from a list. They are people with interrelations and interactions among several determinants of health that when put together places them as risk for being vulnerable (Nickitas, Middaugh & Aries, 2016). Even the word vulnerable is too vague. One could name a list of what these people are vulnerable to, such as abuse, homelessness, or drug addiction. On a closer look, you can see policies put into place to aid those whose are vulnerable at the Federal, State and local level. Federal Social Security was initiated to help the vulnerable elderly population financially in retirement, while State run Medicaid programs provide healthcare for vulnerable children. Policies
This mini-paper will discuss the social welfare system. The mini-paper includes a discussion of welfare Policy, residual and institutional approach, and what is Social Welfare and Social Security. Midgely, (2009), pointed out that social welfare systems deliver services that facilitate and empower our society, especially to those persons who require assistance in meeting their basic human needs. The goal of social welfare is to provide social services to citizens from diverse cultures, and examples include Medicare, Medicaid, and food benefits. Midgley,( 2009).
Throughout the 20th century governmental responsibility has made remarkable progress. One major milestone of the widening of the responsibility of the federal government was it’s making an obligation to care for the elderly and retired in the form of social security. In 1935, the Social Security Act was enacted by the federal government to provide financial security to the elderly, retired citizens in America. Although the federal government first took on this responsibility in 1935, it is still affecting our lives today. However, social security would not have advanced this far without many organizations and individual reformers to begin and improve social security throughout history.
...ork to study vulnerable populations . In Vulnerable populations in the United States (2nd ed., pp. 1-34). San Francisco, CA: Jossey- Boss.
Gimlin, Hoyt, ed. America’s Needy Care and Cutbacks. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc., 1984. Print.
These people get kicked out of their homes and are ashamed to go to their families because of their illness, so we see them on the streets struggling to stay warm. Teenage mothers are also forced to live on the streets because their families will not help them. The fathers are not there and that forces them to live on the streets. So they must resort to prostitution to pay for the food that their young ones need to stay alive. There are many other people that become homeless for many different reasons.
Welfare has been a safety net for many Americans, when the alternative for them is going without food and shelter. Over the years, the government has provided income for the unemployed, food assistance for the hungry, and health care for the poor. The federal government in the nineteenth century started to provide minimal benefits for the poor. During the twentieth century the United States federal government established a more substantial welfare system to help Americans when they most needed it. In 1996, welfare reform occurred under President Bill Clinton and it significantly changed the structure of welfare. Social Security has gone through significant change from FDR’s signing of the program into law to President George W. Bush’s proposal of privatized accounts.
It is a multidimensional human condition and constant human experience with the reduced ability to protect oneself (Cousley, Martin, & Hoy, 2014). Bailey (2010) describes vulnerability as an internal conflict which brings feelings of hopelessness, helplessness and lack of control. Vulnerability as defined by Scanlon & Lee (2006) can be broken into three dimensions, physical, social, and psychological aspects. Physical vulnerability can be identified by the potential risk of harm in the environment. Social vulnerability include age, sex, and ethnicity. Psychological vulnerability refers to the feelings associated with the loss of control and can be manifested by stress and anxiety. Vulnerability can be measured by the potential harm and the capacity to overcome it, as stated by Spiers (2000). Only the person experiencing vulnerability can truly understand its implications as it is a unique and individualized experience. (Thorup, Rundqvist, Roberts & Delmar, 2012). Vulnerability can be better understood by examining the external and internal risk factors that increase an individual’s
Medicaid is a broken system that is largely failing to serve its beneficiary’s needs. Despite its chronic failures to deliver quality health care, Medicaid is seemingly running up a gigantic tab for tax payers (Frogue, 2003). Medicaid’s budget woes are secondary to its insignificant structure, leaving its beneficiaries with limited choices, when arranging for their own health care. Instead, regulations are set in order to drive costs down; instead of allowing Medicaid beneficiaries free rein to choose whom they will seek care from (Frogue, 2003)
Before the 1930s the care and support of the elderly fell in the hands of the local, state and family rather than that of the federal government (Ourdocumnets.gov). With the Great Depression, families and the local government was unable to care for the elderly, retired or disabled Americans and they would soon find themselves homeless and living on the streets. The old-age program assisted these people in keeping their homes and giving them the chance to live and rest. With the Social Security Act now signed into law there were bound to be changes made and services expanded upon to cover the needs of
These community support systems shadowed what this population was experiencing in the supports that they were receiving from Social Security disability programs, as well as, Medicare and Medicaid which were health insurance programs created in 1965 (Goldman, 2015). The sum of the afore mentioned policy changes and acts, positively altered the mental health system by expanding community programs and improving income supports for individuals with disabling mental health concerns. SSI, SSDI, Medicaid, and Medicare became the financial backbone of public mental health services (Goldman,
It is unfortunate most times when you mention government programs it invokes a kind of perception that government is wasteful and is too big. As a community partner I see first hand how government programs such as Consumer Directed Services (CDS) under Medicaid allows people with disabilities to live in their home with the assistance of a personal Care attendant to help with going to the doctor, with laundry, or with administering medication. The CDS program helps a family unit not have to bear the entire cost of in-home care.
Jane Fielding states that “poorer people may be less likely to have sufficient available financial resources to cover them during an emergency”. She also states that people with insufficient funds are “less able to carry on their jobs if they are temporarily displaced from their home”. This shows the more known side of the word “vulnerability” versus reasons that are social or environmental, most people who are vulnerable suffer from low income which limits them from preparing for a disaster and also limits them from being able to get on their feet and continue on after a disaster has
A vulnerability is common among people in the community irrespective of the economic status, the fact that social order dictates and
Certain individual in the community are at an increased risk for detrimental health issues. These individual are “unable to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impacts of disasters” or health illness. (WHO, 2002) This is what makes these individuals a vulnerable population. The vulnerable population endures multiple combinations of factors that make them more susceptible to illness, injury or disasters. These are the factors that affect the vulnerable population: limited economic resources, limited social resources, age, and chronic disease and obesity. (Wilkinson, Treas, Barnett, & Smith, 2016) Each factor can have a significant impact on the healthcare of the individuals or group.
The success of the Social Service Programs has been evident so much so that the society cannot live independently of them. In the United States for instance, without the Social Service Programs which provide food stamps, an extra eight million people would barely eat. In addition to that, the poverty rate for seniors (aged 65 and above) would hit