Transforming the products of international negotiation into actual results has always been a difficult process. On one hand, successful translation involves the mobilization of intangibles, such as the political will to push through ratification and necessary changes in domestic legislation. On the other hand, technical details such as the implementation of an effective Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) regime are necessary as well.
In climate change negotiations, previous COPs had emphasized the nature of commitments and actions in light of “common but differentiated responsibilities” and respective capabilities – that is countries should not be expected to all commit to identical cuts in emissions or bear equal economic burden, due to significant differences in socio-economic development between countries. Subsequently, countries have not been able to agree on a legal regime that would involve mandated cuts in carbon emissions, despite constant lobbying from small island developing states and other vulnerable countries. Rather, current negotiation seems to indicate a trend towards countries making their own pledges of emission reductions.
While such a regime would arguably provide more flexibility and hence be more appealing to large emitters, the question of translating policy into action remains: how can we be sure that emission pathways are on the right track, and how would we know if additional efforts are needed under such a regime? Consequently, there have been concerns over whether some kind of process should be introduced to ensure that ambition is sufficient: that is, making sure that countries will make their best possible pledges. The responsibility for such a process is another question: would thi...
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...ing countries seeking financial support does not always match the type of information sought or required by countries that provide financing. Additionally, donor governments need to be confident that the funds they are committing are properly utilized and managed, which will in turn requires transparency and accountability on the part of recipient governments. However, countries vary significantly in the degree of openness of public reporting, and rigor of domestic oversight mechanisms.
These concerns are not unique to the climate change problem, and are in fact present in discussions about the Millennium Development Goals and post 2015 Sustainable Development Goals as well. They reflect the gap between policy and implementation, as well as the growing desire for evidence that we are on the right track with respect to climate change and sustainable development.
The Kyoto Protocol was created to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions that are affecting Earth. The project is extremely expensive and lacks effectiveness. The protocol may benefit the world in the far future, but it is not worth a country going poor. Also, if tackling the issue involves the cooperation of our entire earth, developing countries should not be excluded. The Kyoto Protocol raises many concerns, and if something is going to impact our economy so greatly, it should not raise any concerns and should be foolproof. In order to demonstrate the lack of effectiveness, the economic consequences must first be discussed.
It was in this setting that the Nations of the world gathered to discuss the issue of global warming in late November of 1997 (Christianson 254). From the beginning, the United States was viewed as the villain. Undersecretary of State, Stuart Eizenstat, and head of the U.S. delegation, let it be known that no amount of pressure could force the administration to flinch. “We want an agreement, but we are not going to Kyoto at any cost” (qtd. in Christianson 255). Vice President Al Gore added: “We are perfectly prepared to walk away from an agreement that we don’t think will work”.
On December 12, 2015, President Obama and world leaders secured a global agreement to combat climate change” (White House). For the past eight years in the presidency, Barack Obama showed his devotion in addressing the worsening effects of climate change. He proposed and coordinated with different institutions to help solve the problem. However, since this problem has been around for so long, the results of any projects and programs will not be seen right away. It may take several years, decade or even a century. On the other hand, this is a great start for us. This is his legacy and this should be practiced for us to achieve what we really wanted in solving this problem. We should not just wait, we should
There are two types of transparencies: Regulatory transparency which incorporates controls on regulatory discretion, counsel with invested individuals and advance procedures that are clear, unsurprising and reliable. Information transparency is the giving of precise and “timely statistical data” as well as convenient warning of continuous policy discussions. ("Critical perspectives on international business: Vol 5, No 3", 2016) It needs to be transparent on how it spends the publics tax money and how they conduct their business. In 2012 South Africa was positioned second out of an aggregate of 94 countries for the transparency of its financial plan, however, in the 2015 review, South Africa was positioned third. ("South Africa Overview", 2016) The public and the business community need to have regulatory and information transparency so they can understand and make a precise evaluation of their rights and commitments. However, the final objective of the public sector transparency needs to make government policies reasonable and unsurprising to diminish the instability and expenses of “conducting public and private business.” ("Critical perspectives on international business: Vol 5, No 3", 2016) Transparency in the Private sector is the extent to which organizations customarily reveal substantial information about their financial condition and bookkeeping practices to “outsiders and the government in a reliable manner.” ("Critical perspectives on international business: Vol 5, No 3", 2016) Valuable numeric reporting supports the general productivity of the business sector and has the long‐term impact of lessening the expense of capital for companies. Incorrect or conflicting numeric reports brings down the plausibility of the private sector and discourage foreign contribution and cross‐border
...aid is inefficient and prodigal as most foreign aid program fund are paid into the irresponsible government, the mismanagement of fund and embezzlement makes the aid program become wasteful (BBC). However, this objection is not convincing because nothing is perfect, the politicians are kept on working hard to make aid program become more efficient as there are regular reports have been produced on whether the foreign aid program are carried out effectively, and, therefore imposes pressure on those government decision makers. (BBC)
Climate Change is unique among international issues because of its global scale and impact, and the cooperative nature of the plausible solutions. If we are to build a sustainable environment for our species we must act as one world, as opposed to a loose collection of nation-states acting for our own self interest. Our political systems are not designed to meet such ends, so climate change holds an interesting position on the stage of international diplomacy.
...tributions to the situation are still a very confusing topic to most people around the world. The media has kept the climate change discussions alive through the decades and many international organizations have tried to find solutions to climate change adaptation. But many have criticized the media coverage, especially the U.S media, because they did not emphasize on the solutions, the revolutionary changes that the developed countries and oil companies must do to preserve our atmosphere. Plus they did not emphasize on the help the poor nations need in order to face the mitigation and adaption for the climate change. Also because in most developing countries the climate change and the global warming is still an abstract subject, governments must work with journalists and scientists to improve the media in order to increase people understanding of the situation.
In the article “Global Warming’s Terrifying New Math”, written by Bill Mckibben, he firstly opens up by saying that back in 2012, according to the statistics, we surpassed the global record high for climate temperature in our nation, destroying other previous records. Despite the research and the displaying of data, nobody is doing anything to adress the following issue. Mckibben outlines three distinctive numbers that outline the following issue., 2 degrees celsius, 565 gigations, and 2795 gigtons, which he uses to validitate and support his argument. Firstly, the ongoing problem of climate change in society is fundamentally a matter of individual moral responsibility that is inspired by the insight individuals are intentionally harming the environment. Secondly there is yet to be an effective collective state response to the issue of global warming, despite approaching two full decades of ongoing and reoccuring negotiations and the very near universal participation by states in the UNFCCC. Thirdly, because this issue has been put on hold for longer than it was innitially expected, greenhouse gases are being emitted into our atmosphere, polluting our environment. The South-North issue and an ongoing debate comes into effect as all the greenhouse gases that are created and used in the Northern hemisphere are being emmited into the southern hemisphere. Hence, my thesis is; despite the fact that global warming and climate change has been an ongoing problem globally for years, humanity has failed to resolve thiis issue as it quickly begins to escalate.
Although it is often a topic for contention in politics, global warming over the span of several decades, has led to climate change, which has had an alarming impact globally. Climate change needs to ...
The greenhouse gas emissions, global warming, carbon emissions and other climate changes can’t be putted in one country’s border it affects all nations no matter where they are geographically located. This is the main reason why the EU collaborates with ...
For these reasons, global warming stands as one of the most daunting policy issues facing our world today. This is compounded by the debate over the very existence of climate change. While countless sources of empirical evidence testify to the very real presence of climate change the world over, considerable denial of the phenomenon still exists. The argument has been made that evidence about climate change is a gross overstatement, or in some cases, a complete fabrication. Despite the evidence to the contrary, many interest groups with considerable political clout have successfully perpetuated the argument that documented changes in the environment are a product of natural cyclical changes in climate, and are not associated with human activities. However, even the acceptance of this particular brand of reality is no grounds for the disregard of environmental consciousness. Even if one accepts the premise that recent climate change is not resultant of human activity, the rationale behind environmental conservation remains ...
In The Development of Environmental Regimes: Chemicals, Wastes, and Climate Change, the authors provide a simple framework to analyze the development of global environmental regimes (GER) which ultimately addresses why states sometimes agree to cooperate on global environmental issues despite divergent interests. The chapter is divided into five subsections but begins with an introduction to explain the five processes involved in the development of GERs. The authors address questions such as who forms GERs and how are they formulated. Next, they apply the processes involved in the development of GERs to four case studies that are linked to global environmental issues: ozone depletion, hazardous waste, toxic chemicals, and climate change, respectively. The authors conclude that states and non-state actors can come together to address global environmental issues but not without obstacles.
Climate change has been an extremely controversial topic in recent history and continues to create much debate today. Many questions concerning climate change’s origins and its potential affect on the globe are not fully understood and remain unanswered. What is climate change? Is climate change happening? Is it a natural cycle of the world or are there other catalysts involved such as human activity? What proof is there? What data correlations show climate change is accelerated by humans? How serious is climate change and how will it affect the future of our globe? What are we doing to address climate change? Should we really be concerned about climate change? Questions such as these have made climate change a very serious issue in today’s world and created the ideology of climatism. The issue of climate change has affected many different aspects of our lives and the world we live in. Policymaking, human activism, technologies, emission control, global warming, alternative energy sources and many other things have been greatly affected by the mania of climate change. This research report will present climate change in a light of common sense and rationality that will take a grounded discussion of the science behind climate change, global warming, human activity, and how the ideology of climatism has corrupted and driven the actions to combat climate change.
Nowadays, we can see a lot of campaigns to reduce this humans’ contribution of greenhouse gases to atmosphere. These campaign’s missions are usually about reducing the energy that we use, convincing us to use recyclable energy, stopping the deforestation... These missions are all about mitigating to climate change. Climate change mitigation is the actions to limit the significant rate of long term climate change. In other words, climate change mitigation is all of the actions about lowering the humans’ greenhouse gas contribution to atmosphere. It is now too late for humans’ to prevent the effects of climate change, but these effects can be reduced in the future with mitigation. The most popular treaty, disenchant of humanity, is Kyoto Protocol. The main goal of Kyoto Protocol is reducing the human emitted greenhouse gases, in other word, mitigation. Also in ways that underlying national differences in GHG emissions, wealth, and capacity to make th...
... of extreme weather and melting ice caps are indicators of global warming. Because these things will affect society, there are important decisions that have to be made in the present as well as in the future to secure people’s lives and lifestyles. The world community is aware of this serious issue and do already prepare for projects to slow down global warming, but they still have to improve. If the world leaders stop worrying about this issue, the future generations could be in danger. The future lifestyles will be affected by the decisions made in the present day. Society has much to improve to save energy and to lower greenhouse gas emissions. There are also small things people can do to help. Individuals can live a life without wasting energy or polluting the environment. Without effort, global warming endangers the quality of life for the future generations.