Type 1 Hypersensitivity

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Hypersensitivity is an excessive, harmful immune reaction to antigens. Type I hypersensitivity is also known as immediate hypersensitivity, because usually occurs 15 to 30 minutes after exposure to an antigen (allergen). When an allergen enters the body, selected plasma B cells produce allergen-specific immunoglobulin E(IgE). In Type I hypersensitivity, allergens bind to IgE on the membranes of basophils and mast cells, stimulating them to release preformed mediators like histamine, tryptase and others. This chemicals trigger glandular secretion and capillary permeability, causing clinical signs of local edema, mucus hypersecretion, congestion, watery eyes, and itchiness. It also produces smooth muscle spasms causing bronchospasms, vomiting,

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