This week’s study takes us to examine the Trait Theory and The Psychoanalytic Theory. Both theories have weaknesses and strengths. Both theories explain personality.
The strengths of the trait theory are it gives the ability to categorized observable behavior. It gives an objectivity criterion for categorizing and measuring behavior. Another words it gives general guidelines to be utilized to categorize and measure behavior. The trait approach has long history of research, traditional and significant research that support the pervious data. Another strength is that the trait theory on only the leader and analysis very thoroughly this component in the leadership process. The trait theory has present researchers with some benchmarks for what
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Allport accepted from the start that there were limitations with his theory. Behavior is influenced by a variety of environmental factors and recognized that traits are not useful for predicting what a single individual will do (Burger, 2015 p. 155). Two approaches were nomothetic approach (assume people can be described along a single dimension according to their level of for example, anxiety or assertiveness) and the idiographic approach (identifies the unique combination of traits that best acconts for the personality of a single …show more content…
The Thematic appreciation test was called personology identifies needs as the key elements of personality (Burger, 2015).
One of the best theorist in the world is Sigmund Freud. Freud created the Psychoanalytic Theory. The topographic model contains the conscious which deals with the ideas and thoughts you are aware of. The preconscious is retrievable data. The unconscious is material that cannot be retrieved that easily. Freud also created the concept of id, ego, supper ego. IN the structural model the id is only concerned with bring instant gratification. The ego is the level of personality that considers external reality while meditating between the demand of the id and superego. “Super ego in the contractual model is the part of personality that represents society’s values” (Burger, 2015 p. 44)
Freud also created the Psychosexual states of Development. Adult personality that was influenced by childhood experiences,
Oral Stage till 18 months-mouth, lips, tongue are the erogenous zones that give a baby pleasure.
18 months to 3 years-anal stage. If potty training is not a positive experience many grown people become
It has become quite clear in the field of Psychology, and to some Psychologists like Windy Dryden (Individual Therapy) explicitly clear that there is a missing linkand that somewhere amongst the mass of theories on personality, the answer is staring them in the face.
Sensorimotor stage (birth – 2 years old) – Children begin to make sense of the world around them based on their interaction with their physical environment. Reality begins to be defined.
Trait theory, or the concept that personality traits are strong, independent predictors of behavior, provides an incomplete picture of human behavior, thought, and emotion. The most encompassing approach to understanding behavioral implications is by approaching them from a person-situation interaction perspective. Bowers (1973) reported that while 13% of the variance in predicting behavior is due to the person (i.e., traits) and 10% of the variance is due to the situation, 21% of the variance is accounted for by the person-situation interaction; the interaction is more predictive than either one alone. Different situations impact different people differently for several reasons, including the fact that strong traits may not be expressed in
Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. E. (2013). Theories of personality (10th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage/Wadsworth.
Feist, J., & Feist, G. J. (2009). Theories of Personality (7th ed.). New York, New York: McGraw-Hill.
The Latency Period =) during this stage personality is definitely established. The child continues to develop but his or her sexual urges are not as loud.
A person’s personality has been the subject of psychological scrutiny for many years. Psychologists have drawn up several theories in an attempt to accurately predict and determine one’s personality. Foremost amongst these, is the “Big Five Trait Theory” which stemmed from Raymond B. Cattell’s theory.
Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. E. (2013). Theories of personality (10th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage/Wadsworth.
Schultz, D.P. & Schultz, S.E. (2009). Theories of Personality, Ninth Edition. US: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
The basis of this approach is that psychological factors play a major role in determining behaviour and shaping personality. Freud argued that personality is composed of three major systems the id, the ego, and the superego. The id (biological part of personality) is present at birth and consists of inherited instincts and all psychological energies. The id operates according to the pleasure principle, seeking to reduce tension, avoid pain and obtain pleasure. The ego (executive part of personality) is conscious part of the mind, the “real” us.
Lastly, the findings of trait theory and its components described within the paper will be summarised. Major contributors to the trait theory of personality include three prominent psychologists. Boeree (2006) states that American born psychologist Gordon Allport has been described as the founding father of personality trait theory. Allport’s distinguished career included holding the presidency of the American Psychological Association (APA) and receiving the Gold Medal Award and a Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award from the APA (Carducci, 2009, p. 260). After meeting with Sigmund Freud in 1922 and studying his interpretation of personality, Allport developed the opinion that psychoanalysis was too in-depth while behaviourism was far too shallow in the field of personality psychology.
The Sensorimotor stage – this stage occurs when the child is born till when he/she is two years old.
Developmental psychology is an area of research dedicated to the understanding of child-development. Throughout history many theories have been used to attempt to explain the complex process. Two of those theorists, Freud and Erikson, were instrumental in creating a foundation for child-psychology to build on. From a Freudian perspective, human development is centered on psychosexual theory. Psychosexual theory indicates that maturation of the sex drives underlies stages of personality development. Alternatively, Erikson is considered a neo-freudian scholar who developed psychosocial theory. In Erikson models there are eight major conflicts that occur during the course of an individual’s life.
Feist, J., Feist, G. J., & Roberts, T. A. (2009). Theories of personality. New York:
Freud believed that humans develop through stages based on particular erogenous zones. Freud theorized that to gain a healthy personality as an adult, a person would have to successfully complete a certain sequence of five stages. Within the five stages of Freud’s psychosexual development theory, Freud assumed there would be major consequences if any stage was not completed successfully. The stages, in order, were the oral stage, the anal stage, the phallic stage, the latency stage, and the genital stage. In general, Freud believed that an unsuccessful completion of any stage would make a person become fixated on that particular stage. The outcome would lead the person to either over indulge or under indulge the failed stage during adulthood. Freud truly believed that the outcomes of the psychosexual stages played a major part in the development of the human personality. Eventually, these outcomes would become different driving forces in every human being’s personality. The driving forces would determine how a person would interact with the world around them. The results from Freud’s theory about the stages of psychosexual development led Freud to create the concept of the human psyche; Freud’s biggest contribution to