Title : Preparation of thin blood smear.
Aim and objective : To produce blood smear and stain by using the wrights stain
Introduction :
A blood smear is a diagnostic test used to look for unusualness within the blood. The blood film gifts the opportunity to view the components of blood under a microscope for unusual shapes or sizes. There are three main cells within the blood that the test can focus such as red blood cell, white blood cells, and platelets.
Red blood cell or erythrocytes
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Types of the white blood cells are neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.
Platelets are small fragments of the cytoplasm of a larger cell found only in the bone marrow, the megakaryocyte. Platelets form a clots or thrombus when aggregated together with the help of the blood protein fibrin and to reduce blood
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Discussion :
A thick blood smear is a drop of blood on a glass slid. A thick blood smear is most useful for detecting the present of parasites because they examine a larger sample of blood.
Once a blood smear is made, it should be stained. Staining the blood smear highlights the different types of leucocytes for easier recognition during the counting process. The most popular stain used for this experiment is Wright's stain.
Conclusion :
The percentage of red blood cells can be detected using thin and thick blood smear. A thin blood smear is a drop of blood that is spread across a large area of the slide. Thin blood smear helps to discover what species of malaria are causing the infection
Questions:
1. Why is it important to smear the blood as soon as the drop is placed on the slide? It is important to smear the blood as soon as the drop is placed on the slide because if the experiment is being delay, the results in abnormal distribution of white blood cells with larger cells will accumulating at the thin edge of the glass slide.
2. What 3 things determine the thickness of the smear? Three things to determine the thickness of the smear are the angle of the
Around 1902, when luminol was first synthesized, scientists noticed that it exhibited a blue glow in the presence of other compounds. Later on, it was found that the luminol reaction occurred in the presence of blood. Its use in crime scenes was first implemented by German forensic scientist Walter Specht in 1937. When the luminol solution is sprayed, the iron present in hemoglobin in blood catalyzes the reaction to produce a blue glow. This is used because in certain situations, there may be too little blood present at a crime scene to be able to be seen. It can also help when a suspect had attempted to “clean up” the blood after committing the crime. In these cases, luminol can be used to see any evidence of blood that cannot be seen with the naked eye. The glow from the reaction only lasts for about thirty seconds and requires dark conditions to be able to see, but investigators are able to document it in
...cap of the sperm pink and the nucleus red, and a picroindigocarmine dye, which turns the mid piece of the sperm blue and the tail of the sperm green. The stained samples would then be placed under a microscope and hopefully spermatozoa would be present so that DNA testing could be performed.
electrophoresis. The way the PCR method works is by first mixing a solution containing the
The idea is to get a sort of background story from the random blood distribution. The different types of blood can tell us the method an assailant uses, such as passive blood stains. These stains are made from the drops of a weapon due to gravity. For instance, if an attacker walked away from stabbing someone, the weapon would leave a series of drops.... ... middle of paper ...
When speaking with the public health representative from LLS, Ms. Harry inquired the biggest challenge the organization faces is screening. For blood cancer patients it is very hard for screening to be done. There is no test out there for the screening of blood itself. In medical screening, there is MRI, EKG, CT Scans, etc. These different types of screenings are measured around the muscular and skeletal systems. Medical screenings check within the body, but does not test the liquid blood in any way. If Leukemia and Lymphoma Society is able to receive blood screening, the researchers may be able to find the direct link within the genetics of the different types of blood cancers in a patient.
...r than 3 mm in diameter. Medium velocity impact spatter usually produces stains between 1 and 3 mm in diameter and may be caused by blunt force trauma or stabbing actions. High velocity impact spatter stains are usually less than 1 mm in diameter and may be produced by gunshots. Reconstructing a crime scene using medium velocity impact spatter may provide information on directionality, point of convergence, and area of origin. Blood spatter analysis can also be used to corroborate witness testimony as to events at a crime scene. Error associated with BPA includes human error, non-uniform formation and rotational offset. Mr. Roller concluded that BPA experts must remember to testify only to the things that they cannot exclude and that more work should be done to determine a universal method for BPA with consistency between crime scenes and different analysts.
For thousands of years the medical specialists believed that sickness was simply the result of a little “bad blood”. Influential physicians like Hippocrates and Galen stated that the human body was filled with four basic elements, or “humors”—yellow bile, black bile, phlegm and blood—and these needed to be kept in balance to maintain proper health. As a result, doctors diagnosed patients that had a fever or other sicknesses with an overabundance of blood. To restore the balance the specialists would cut open a vein and drain some of their crucial fluids into a container until they felt it was no longer necessary. Furthermore, some instances used leeches to suck the blood straight from the skin. This method finally fell out of trend after innovative research showed that it might be doing more harm than good, still, leeching and controlled bloodletting are used today as treatments for assuring rare illnesses. For the benefits of it “The less blood that's available, the harder it is for the bacterium to scrounge up enough heme to thrive”, stated by Miranda Hitti author of Bloodletting's
After ten minutes had passed, I collected the ingredients needed to perform a gram stain. I got the primary stain, crystal violet, and flooded my smear for sixty seconds, and then rinsed the color off with water until the water ran clear. I then flooded the smear with the mordant, grams of iodine, and let that sit on the slide for sixty seconds as well. I then rinsed the grams of iodine off with water and applied alcohol to the smear to decolorize the cells; however I made sure not to over decolorize and only put enough drops on the smear till the purple ran clear. I then rinsed the slide with water and flooded the smear with safranin, the counter stain and let it sit for sixty seconds and then rinsed the color off with water.
Peschel, O., Kunz, S. N., Rothschild, M. A., & Mützel, E. (2011). Blood stain pattern analysis. Forensic science, medicine, and pathology, 7(3), 257-270. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12024-010-9198-1
To perform this test we first did a Gram stain on our organism to determine if it was gram-positive or gram-negative. After this we performed a mixed Gram stain by incorporating our organism with a known bacteria that stained opposite of unknown. We were given the size of the known bacteria and performed a comparative analysis under the microscope to determine the size of our unknown. In my case the control was a gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli.
Blood stains are one type of evidence that can be found at a crime scene. Blood that is still in the liquid form should be picked up on a gauze pad. Once the blood is dried thoroughly it should be refrigerated and sent to the Laboratory (Andrus et al., n.d., para. 1). If the blood stain is found dried on clothing, the officer should wrap the piece of clothing in clean paper and place it in a sealed and labeled container. An object with dried blood stains needs to be sent to the Laboratory if it is small enough. If the object is too large to send, then using a clean knife the stain needs to be scraped onto a clean piece of paper, which then can be folded and placed in an envelope (Andrus et al., n.d., para. 2). When collecting autopsy blood samples, the officer should request that the pathologist obtain the sample directly from the heart and place it in a yellow or purple stoppered vacutainer. If the victim is still alive but in serious need of a blood transfusion, then the pre-transfusion blood sample needs to be obtained promptly before the hospital discards it (Andrus et al., n.d., para. 4). It is important for the Laboratory to receive all blood samples within 48 ho...
I will be investigating Human Blood as my specific tissue and giving an overview on the location, characteristics, and the benefits it has to the human body. Blood is extracellular matrix that is consists of plasma, red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells. Blood is located within the capillaries/veins/arteries of the human body, which are blood vessels that run through the entire body. These blood vessels allow the blood to flow smoothly and quickly from the heart to distinct parts of the human body. The unique parts of human blood all work together for a purpose: the Red Blood Cells(erythrocytes) transports oxygen throughout the body, White Blood Cells(leukocytes) play a part in the bodies immune system, Platelets(thrombocytes) assist in creating scabs,
Blood spatter analysis is the blood evidence examined to draw a conclusion of how the incident may have occurred. This evidence also helps examine the patterns of the blood to see how
They test many types of samples in the lab such as skin or body fluids like blood and urine. Lab techs have the responsibility to not only perform the test but to record the results and get the results where they need to be. Blood tests can indicate many different conditions such as a hormone imbalance or blood type. This is very important because if someone receives a blood type that is not compatible with their own blood, the patient could die. Skin and tissue samples can also lead to a diagnosis. They can run tests to see if a sample reacts to something or doesn’t react to something. This is how the lab tech helps to diagnose.
platelets on a slide, you would need to have the specimen recollected because of a clot, or