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The influence of colonialism in Africa
Effects of colonialism in africa
Effects of colonialism in africa
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The story of democracy in Africa as a whole has been one of a constant struggle of African peoples against, colonization, tribalism, military dictatorships, one-party rule authoritarianism, imperialism and neo-liberal globalization. (Ake, 2000) This was Ake’s argument in his book The feasibility of democracy in Africa, which meant to showcase that the failure of democracy in the continent was not caused by the peoples lack of will but other external factors. In very few cases in Africa has the transition to multi-party democracy (or at least the move towards it) been smooth and uneventful. When one thinks of politics within an African context, one usually conjures up the images of military juntas, unaccountable and corrupt “big men” politicians, rigged elections, police extortions, rampant tribalism, institutionalized bribery, insatiable greed, and flagrant abuses of power. Whereas this has been typical of many African democracies and is especially true of the case selected for this study, I would argue that these outcomes are not a result of the incapacity of Africans to democratically govern themselves or an innate predisposition toward corruption but rather because of the complex circumstances that they inherited due to colonialism and its legacy. Colonialism primarily brought about an unrepresentative authoritarian form of government that was in effect simply passed on to the new found states at independence. Secondly, it forced societies that previously had had no relations with one another; societies that sometimes practiced different forms of governance were in some cases antagonistic toward one another, to practically learn overnight how to govern each other in one united polity. Lastly these same colonial powers which now...
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...stian south since 1999, there remains a long way to before this Giant of Africa by name can become so in fact.
Works Cited
Ake, C. (2000). The feasibility of democracy in africa. (reprint ed., pp. 1-206). Ann Arbor: Codesria.
Ali, A. (2003). Fragile democracy under stress. Economic and Political Weekly, 37(52), 5172-5173. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4413009
Diamond, L. (1984). Nigeria in search of democracy. Foreign Affairs, 62(4), 905-927. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20041913 .
Herskovits, J. (2007). Nigeria's rigged democracy. Foreign Affairs, 86(4), 115-130.
Mbachu, O. (1992). Democracy and the rule of law: A case study of nigeria. The Indian Journal of Political Science, 53(3), 374-396.
Unegbu, C. (2003). Bellwether of african democracy. World Policy Journal, 20(1), 41-47. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40209846 .
Dubious Democracy. 2nd ed. of the book. Chandler, J. A. & Co., Inc. 1982. The.
Koelbe, T. and Lipuma, E. (2008), 'Democratizing Democracy: A PostcolonialCritique of Conventional Approaches to the 'Measurement of Democracy', Democratization , Vol.15, No.1, Pp. 16-18
Renowned for its “of the people” foundation, democracy has become the regime type to which we compare all other regime types- a gold standard of government structure. Because of this ideal, it is of comparative interest that we understand how to classify regimes as either democratic or dictatorial. The Polity IV Measure is a standard for democracy that scores a country (from -10 to +10) on how democratic or dictatorial their election processes and governmental procedures are. Post-independence Zimbabwe is a country that classifies itself as a parliamentary democracy, however due to a history of election scandals and Zimbabwe African National Union’s (ZANU, the current ruling party) maintenance of power for over thirty years, Polity IV granted them a “mixed regime type” score of -4. (Clark, Golder, and Golder 160) It is the purpose of this paper to argue that Zimbabwe does not have a mixed regime, but rather that it employs an authoritarian regime type. After outlining the controversial events resulting from the 2000 general election and surrounding the 2002 presidential election, I...
In comparing the average citizen in a democratic nation, say the United States, to that of a non-democratic nation, for instance Egypt, it will be found that the citizen in the democratic nation is generally better off – free of persecution, free from fear of the authorities, and free to express his opinions on governmental matters. And while national conflicts occur everywhere, incidents like violent revolts have shown to be more prevalent in nations where citizens are not allowed to choose who governs them. It is slightly paradoxical that democracy, so inherently flawed in theory, can lead to such successful outcomes in practice. The question, then, becomes: “If democracy has so many weaknesses, why does it work?”
Christiano, Tom. "Democracy." The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University, 27 July 2006. Web. 4 Nov. 2013.
Yang, C.. (2010). Less Blood for Oil: Nigeria's Fragile Amnesty. Harvard International Review, 31(4), 6-7. Retrieved September 22, 2011, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 1988429401).
Davidson, Basil. Modern Africa A Social and Political History. Ney York: Longman Group UK Limited, 1983.
On the eastern coast of Africa lies a land full of sunny blue skies and large plains in which zebras and elephants roam. This land is the country of Kenya. Outside of Kenya’s cities and towns lies many samples of natures beauty. Unfortunately, the people living in this land are troubled by their struggle with the government and trying to form a democracy. Matthew Carotenuto stated, “Much of the world had historically viewed Kenya as an island of peace and economic potential in a roiling sea of stateless chaos.” What he means is that people have long seen Kenya as a peaceful place that is surrounded by countries suffering from all sorts of violence and unfortunate circumstances. What many people do not know is that Kenya has a long history for political violence going way back to when the country was colonized. Understanding that Kenya’s past violence was due to their struggle for social and political authority helps us understand some of their violence issues today. According to Maina Kiai, violence broke out after Kenya’s 2007 election. Many people had thought that Kenya was a more peaceful country compared to others in Africa because they were working towards a democracy. Currently Kenya is a republic (“Kenya” The World...). Another thing Kiai mentioned is that one of Kenya’s major political problems is that Kenya's constitution gives the president full power to elect anyone he wants into a political position for any salary he chooses. Scott Baldauf and Robert Crilly also explain how Kenya is trying to become a democracy but its political system is weak and allows the president too much power, making the nation a dictatorship in disguise. This leads to many ethical issues within the governments systems. We should care about Ken...
Charlick, R. (2000) "Popular participation and Local Government Reforms" Africa Notes, New York: Cornell University, (April) pp1-5
Democracy is robust, widely accepted and highly anticipated around the world. It is the triumphant form of government; dominantly used in Europe, North and South and America and becoming reformed and taking new roots in Africa and Asia. Although the term democracy is based on its Greek origin, demos kratos, meaning people rule, the term cannot be simply understood as such. Due to vast coverage, the adaptation of democracy has varied greatly, whether regionally, nationally, by state or through different branches of government. Perhaps this can be advantageous when the different categorizations listed above can use democracy to rule and suit themselves best, but other factors, such as globalization and neoliberalism, has caused the need for
While the outside world considered Nigeria to be a united and monolithic entity, even the British colonial administration was wary of the reality of Nigerian politics; the nation was not so much a “country” as it was more than three hundred different groups coalesced into one.4 5 These tribes were divided between three main spheres of influence: the Yoruba, the Igbo, and the Hausa. Historically, their interests were often opposed, and their cultures did not come into regular contact with one another until the British occupation. In spite of the differences British administration a...
Africa's Growth Tragedy: Policies and Ethnic Divisions. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Institute for International Development, Harvard U, 1996. Print. Hopkins, A. G.
Tripp, A, M, 2003. The Changing Face of Africa’s Legislatures: Women and Quotas. Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. Available from: Quotaproject.org
The current challenges of democracy around the world should prioritize each encounter that should be addressed through networks, global gatherings, and various activities. As a continuous concern, the progress of democracy discusses various strategies and activities. These various strategies and activities lead to lessons that are learned in advancing democracy, making democracy deliver, strengthening democratic fundamentals, and more current challenges. Democracy faces threats from every spectrum as the threats surge the need to reinforce democratic forces through aid and greater international solidarity. Each country reflects on a certain assessment towards the current status of democracy.
Actually, democracy is deemed to be a difficult form of government regardless if it is favourable circumstances or not. It seems to be all the more difficult when society’s economic environment is weak, civil society is still developing, and finally ...